Question

Which of the following molds produces Aflatoxin in animal feed?
A. Aspergillus flavus
B. Aspergillus parasiticus
C. Aspergillus niger
D. Geotricum candidum
E. Alternaria tolerance
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A, B and D only
• B. A and B only
• C. B and C only
• D. C and D only

Hint:

Aflatoxin production is strictly associated with the Aspergillus species group, specifically Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Aflatoxins are potent, highly carcinogenic mycotoxins produced as secondary metabolites by specific filamentous fungi (molds).
Contamination of animal feed with these toxins poses significant veterinary health issues and can result in the excretion of aflatoxin $M_1$ in the milk of dairy cows.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The primary producers of aflatoxins belong to the genus Aspergillus, specifically within the Flavi section:
- A. Aspergillus flavus: This is the most common species responsible for producing aflatoxins $B_1$ and $B_2$ in agricultural commodities and animal feed. (True)
- B. Aspergillus parasiticus: This species is also a major producer of aflatoxins, synthesizing $B_1$, $B_2$, $G_1$, and $G_2$ toxins. (True)
- C. Aspergillus niger: Although it is a common contaminant, it primarily produces other metabolites like ochratoxins and citric acid, not aflatoxins. (False)
- D. Geotrichum candidum (spelled as Geotricum): This yeast-like mold is common in dairy products but does not produce aflatoxins. (False)
- E. Alternaria species: These molds produce their own specific class of toxins, such as alternariol, but do not produce aflatoxins. (False)
Consequently, only Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus are the primary aflatoxin-producing species.

Step 3: Final Answer
The correct option is (B).