Question:
Which of the following mechanisms is not employed by bacteria that move by gliding?
Which of the following mechanisms is not employed by bacteria that move by gliding?
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Gliding is always defined as flagella-independent movement on solid surfaces, meaning rotating flagella cannot be involved.
Updated On: Jul 13, 2026
- Polysaccharide excretion
- Twitching
- Rotating glide proteins
- Rotating flagella
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Bacterial motility mechanisms are highly diverse. Gliding motility is defined as flagella-independent movement across solid surfaces.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Gliding motility is exhibited by diverse groups of bacteria, such as Myxobacteria and Cyanobacteria, allowing them to travel along solid surfaces without flagella.
- Gliding mechanisms include:
1. Polysaccharide excretion (A): Slime extrusion acts as a surfactant or propellant to slide the cell forward.
2. Twitching (B): Mediated by the extension, tethering, and retraction of Type IV pili.
3. Rotating glide proteins (C): Adhesion proteins in the cell envelope move along internal track systems to pull the cell forward.
- Rotating flagella (D) are helical protein filaments used specifically for swimming through liquid media or swarming across moist surfaces. Gliding bacteria completely lack functional flagella.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Hence, rotating flagella are not used in gliding motility.
Bacterial motility mechanisms are highly diverse. Gliding motility is defined as flagella-independent movement across solid surfaces.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- Gliding motility is exhibited by diverse groups of bacteria, such as Myxobacteria and Cyanobacteria, allowing them to travel along solid surfaces without flagella.
- Gliding mechanisms include:
1. Polysaccharide excretion (A): Slime extrusion acts as a surfactant or propellant to slide the cell forward.
2. Twitching (B): Mediated by the extension, tethering, and retraction of Type IV pili.
3. Rotating glide proteins (C): Adhesion proteins in the cell envelope move along internal track systems to pull the cell forward.
- Rotating flagella (D) are helical protein filaments used specifically for swimming through liquid media or swarming across moist surfaces. Gliding bacteria completely lack functional flagella.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Hence, rotating flagella are not used in gliding motility.
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