Question:
Which of the following is true about Cytokines?
A. Intracellular messenger which regulate immune response
B. They are active even at femtomolar concentration
C. They are pleiotropic
D. They have only paracrine effect
Which of the following is true about Cytokines?
A. Intracellular messenger which regulate immune response
B. They are active even at femtomolar concentration
C. They are pleiotropic
D. They have only paracrine effect
A. Intracellular messenger which regulate immune response
B. They are active even at femtomolar concentration
C. They are pleiotropic
D. They have only paracrine effect
Show Hint
To solve multiple-statement questions rapidly, leverage the elimination technique.
Knowing that cytokines can act via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine routes, you can identify Statement D as incorrect due to the absolute modifier "only".
Eliminating all options containing D leaves option (A) as the correct choice.
Knowing that cytokines can act via autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine routes, you can identify Statement D as incorrect due to the absolute modifier "only".
Eliminating all options containing D leaves option (A) as the correct choice.
Updated On: Aug 24, 2026
- A, B and C only
- B, C and D only
- A, B and D only
- D only
Show Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Cytokines are a class of small, soluble, non-antibody proteins secreted by a variety of cells, primarily immune cells like lymphocytes and macrophages.
They act as chemical messengers to regulate immune response, inflammation, and cellular development.
These proteins bind to high-affinity receptors on target cells to execute their biological effects.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze each statement to determine its accuracy:
- Statement A: Cytokines function as vital signaling molecules regulating immune systems.
The term "intracellular messenger" is frequently used as a minor typographical error in Indian examinations in place of "intercellular messenger" (acting between cells).
Given the options, this statement is considered part of the correct set.
- Statement B: Cytokines exhibit high potency due to high-affinity receptor binding.
They can modulate cellular functions at incredibly low physiological concentrations, falling in the picomolar (\(10^{-12}\text{ M}\)) to femtomolar (\(10^{-15}\text{ M}\)) range.
Hence, Statement B is true.
- Statement C: Cytokines demonstrate pleiotropy, meaning a single cytokine can act on multiple distinct cell types to exert different biological functions.
Hence, Statement C is true.
- Statement D: Cytokines do not act strictly in a paracrine manner.
They can function via autocrine (acting on the cell that secreted them), paracrine (acting on adjacent cells), or endocrine (entering blood circulation to act on distant sites) pathways.
Therefore, stating they have only paracrine effects is incorrect.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Since statements A, B, and C are correct, and statement D is incorrect, the correct option is (A).
Cytokines are a class of small, soluble, non-antibody proteins secreted by a variety of cells, primarily immune cells like lymphocytes and macrophages.
They act as chemical messengers to regulate immune response, inflammation, and cellular development.
These proteins bind to high-affinity receptors on target cells to execute their biological effects.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze each statement to determine its accuracy:
- Statement A: Cytokines function as vital signaling molecules regulating immune systems.
The term "intracellular messenger" is frequently used as a minor typographical error in Indian examinations in place of "intercellular messenger" (acting between cells).
Given the options, this statement is considered part of the correct set.
- Statement B: Cytokines exhibit high potency due to high-affinity receptor binding.
They can modulate cellular functions at incredibly low physiological concentrations, falling in the picomolar (\(10^{-12}\text{ M}\)) to femtomolar (\(10^{-15}\text{ M}\)) range.
Hence, Statement B is true.
- Statement C: Cytokines demonstrate pleiotropy, meaning a single cytokine can act on multiple distinct cell types to exert different biological functions.
Hence, Statement C is true.
- Statement D: Cytokines do not act strictly in a paracrine manner.
They can function via autocrine (acting on the cell that secreted them), paracrine (acting on adjacent cells), or endocrine (entering blood circulation to act on distant sites) pathways.
Therefore, stating they have only paracrine effects is incorrect.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Since statements A, B, and C are correct, and statement D is incorrect, the correct option is (A).
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