Question

Which of the following Human Development Report has introduced the concept of Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)?

• A. Human Development Report, 1997
• B. Human Development Report, 2002
• C. Human Development Report, 2010
• D. Human Development Report, 2015

Hint:

Remember the timeline: \[ \boxed{ \begin{aligned} 1997 &\rightarrow \text{Human Poverty Index (HPI)}, 2010 &\rightarrow \text{Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)}. \end{aligned} } \] Mnemonic: “MPI = 2010” is a frequently asked fact in economics and development studies examinations.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept: The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was introduced by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in collaboration with the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) in the Human Development Report (HDR), 2010. It replaced the earlier Human Poverty Index (HPI) and measures poverty by considering multiple deprivations experienced by individuals. The MPI evaluates poverty across three dimensions:
• Health
• Education
• Standard of Living These dimensions are measured using ten indicators, providing a more comprehensive assessment of poverty than income alone.

Step 1: Recall the Human Development Report in which MPI was introduced. The Human Development Report, 2010 introduced the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) to replace the Human Poverty Index (HPI). \[ \boxed{\text{Human Development Report (2010)} \Longrightarrow \text{Introduction of MPI}} \]

Step 2: Examine the given options.
• 1997 -- Human Poverty Index (HPI) was introduced.
• 2002 -- MPI was not introduced.
• 2010 -- Introduction of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).
• 2015 -- MPI was already in use. Hence, \[ \boxed{\text{(C) Human Development Report, 2010}} \]