To determine which substances listed are not fatty acids, we should first understand the chemical nature of each option:
- Glutamic acid: This is an amino acid, not a fatty acid. It plays a role in protein synthesis and serves as a neurotransmitter in the brain.
- Arachidonic acid: This is a polyunsaturated fatty acid. It is an important component of cellular membranes and is involved in signaling pathways.
- Palmitic acid: This is a saturated fatty acid commonly found in animals and plants. It is one of the most common fatty acids used for energy storage.
- Lecithin: Although often associated with fatty acids, lecithin is actually a complex mixture that includes phospholipids. It is not a singular fatty acid.
- Aspartic acid: Like glutamic acid, it is an amino acid and not a fatty acid. Aspartic acid is involved in the synthesis of other amino acids and in the urea cycle.
Based on this analysis, the substances that are not fatty acids are Glutamic acid, Lecithin, and Aspartic acid.
Therefore, the correct answer is: A, D, and E only.