Question

Enzymes that catalyse the removal of groups from substrates by mechanisms other than hydrolysis leaving double bonds, are known as :

• A. Transferases
• B. Oxidoreductases
• C. Dehydrogenases
• D. Lyases

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

To solve this question, we need to understand the classification of enzymes based on the reactions they catalyze.

Enzymes are biological molecules that catalyze chemical reactions in living cells. They are classified into several major classes, each defined by the type of reaction they catalyze:

1. Oxidoreductases: These enzymes catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, where the transfer of electrons occurs.
2. Transferases: These enzymes catalyze the transfer of functional groups from one molecule to another.
3. Hydrolases: These enzymes catalyze hydrolysis reactions, where a molecule is split into two by the addition of water.
4. Lyases: This class of enzymes catalyzes the removal of groups from substrates by mechanisms other than hydrolysis, usually resulting in the formation of a double bond. They can also add groups to double bonds.
5. Isomerases: These enzymes catalyze changes within a molecule, such as rearranging the atoms to form isomers.
6. Ligases: Enzymes that join two molecules by forming a new bond.
7. Dehydrogenases: These enzymes are a subclass of oxidoreductases that specifically facilitate the removal of hydrogen atoms.

From the classifications explained above, Lyases are the enzymes that catalyze the removal of groups from substrates by mechanisms other than hydrolysis, creating double bonds. Therefore, they are the correct answer to the question posed.

Here's how you can differentiate the options based on their functions:

• Transferases: Involved in transferring a group from one molecule to another.
• Oxidoreductases: Facilitate oxidation or reduction by transferring electrons.
• Dehydrogenases: Subgroup of oxidoreductases, typically involved in oxidation reactions by removing hydrogen.
• Lyases: Remove groups (other than hydrogen) from substrates without hydrolysis, often forming a double bond.

By the process of elimination and understanding the enzyme function, we can conclude that the correct answer is:

Lyases