Question

What is the name of the process by which bacteria take up naked DNA from their environment?

• A. Transduction
• B. Conjugation
• C. Transformation
• D. Translation

Hint:

Naked DNA uptake → Transformation → Important for genetic variation.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Concept: Bacteria can acquire genetic material from their surroundings through different mechanisms, contributing to genetic variation and evolution.
Step 1: Understanding transformation.
Transformation is the process by which bacteria take up free or ``naked'' DNA fragments from their environment.
Step 2: Mechanism.

• DNA from dead or lysed cells is released into the environment
• Competent bacterial cells absorb this DNA
• The DNA may integrate into the bacterial genome

Step 3: Other gene transfer methods.

• Transduction: DNA transfer via bacteriophages
• Conjugation: Direct transfer through cell-to-cell contact
• Translation: Protein synthesis (not gene transfer)

Step 4: Significance.

• Contributes to antibiotic resistance
• Enhances genetic diversity

Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, the process is called transformation.