Question

What is included in the metaphysical system of Lord Rishabhdev?

• A. Nihilism (Sunyavada)
• B. Absolute Eternalism
• C. Relativism (Sapekshavada)
• D. Inherence Theory (Samavayavada)

Hint:

Sapekshavada = Syadvada = Anekantavada. These terms represent the "middle path" of Jainism that avoids one-sided extremist views (Ekantavada).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Lord Rishabhdev is the first Tirthankara of the current cycle. His teachings, like those of all Tirthankaras, are rooted in Anekantavada (Non-absolutism) and Syadvada (Relativism).

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
1. Relativism (Sapekshavada): This doctrine posits that truth is multifaceted. A statement about reality is true only from a certain perspective (Naya) and in a certain context (Sapeksh).
2. Purpose: It is used to reconcile seemingly contradictory viewpoints. For example, a soul is eternal (substance-view) and also changing (mode-view).
3. Contrast with other options:
- Sunyavada (Buddhist): Denies the ultimate existence of things, which Jainism rejects.
- Absolute Eternalism: Only permanence is real, which Jainism rejects because it ignores change.
- Samavayavada (Nyaya): A specific theory of relation that Jainism critiques.
4. Jain Position: Jainism is a philosophy of "affirmation with conditions," making Sapekshavada its hallmark.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The system of Lord Rishabhdev is defined by Sapekshavada (Relativism).