Australopithecines, such as Australopithecus afarensis, lived in East African grasslands from about 4 to 1 million years ago and were adapted to savanna environments, making them the primates present around 2 million years ago. Dryopithecus (20–9 mya) and Ramapithecus (12–14 mya, now classified under Sivapithecus) lived much earlier, while Neanderthals (400,000–40,000 years ago) lived later and primarily in Europe and Asia.