Question

The minor losses due to sudden contraction is significantly attributed to ____

• A. Flow contraction
• B. Expansion of flow after sudden contraction
• C. Boundary friction
• D. Cavitation

Hint:

Minor losses: \[ \boxed{ \begin{aligned} \text{Sudden Expansion} &\rightarrow \text{Loss due to expansion} \text{Sudden Contraction} &\rightarrow \text{Loss mainly after vena contracta expansion} \end{aligned} } \]

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Recall the flow pattern after sudden contraction. After a sudden contraction, the flow contracts further to form a vena contracta.

Step 2: Identify the source of head loss. The major energy loss occurs when the jet expands from the vena contracta to fill the smaller pipe. Thus, the loss is mainly due to \[ \boxed{\text{Expansion of flow after sudden contraction}.} \] Hence, \[ \boxed{(B)} \] is the correct answer.