Question:
The ionisation energy of nitrogen is larger than that of oxygen because
The ionisation energy of nitrogen is larger than that of oxygen because
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Similarly, Be has higher IE than B (filled 2s), and Mg has higher IE than Al (filled 3s).
Updated On: May 2, 2026
- the size of nitrogen atom is smaller
- there is greater attraction of electrons towards the nucleus
- half-filled p-orbitals of nitrogen have extra stability
- None of the above
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The Correct Option is C
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Ionisation energy generally increases across a period, but there is an exception between nitrogen and oxygen.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Electronic configurations: \begin{itemize} \item Nitrogen (Z=7): \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^3\) (half-filled p-subshell) \item Oxygen (Z=8): \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^4\) (one paired electron in p-subshell) \end{itemize} The half-filled configuration of nitrogen is more stable due to symmetrical distribution and exchange energy. Removing an electron from this stable configuration requires more energy. In oxygen, the electron is removed from a paired orbital, which experiences electron-electron repulsion, making it easier to remove.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The higher ionisation energy of nitrogen is due to the extra stability of its half-filled p-orbitals, option (C).
Ionisation energy generally increases across a period, but there is an exception between nitrogen and oxygen.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Electronic configurations: \begin{itemize} \item Nitrogen (Z=7): \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^3\) (half-filled p-subshell) \item Oxygen (Z=8): \(1s^2 2s^2 2p^4\) (one paired electron in p-subshell) \end{itemize} The half-filled configuration of nitrogen is more stable due to symmetrical distribution and exchange energy. Removing an electron from this stable configuration requires more energy. In oxygen, the electron is removed from a paired orbital, which experiences electron-electron repulsion, making it easier to remove.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The higher ionisation energy of nitrogen is due to the extra stability of its half-filled p-orbitals, option (C).
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