Question:

Terrace and running water are the main features of which of the following garden?

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Mughal gardens are strictly formal gardens, characterized by high perimeter walls, baradaris (pavilions), and symmetric water canals.
  • English garden
  • Japanese garden
  • Mughal garden
  • Persian garden
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The Correct Option is C

Solution and Explanation



Step 1: Understanding the Concept:

Classical gardening styles are classified as formal (symmetric, geometrical) or informal (asymmetric, natural).
Mughal gardens are formal gardens based on the traditional Persian "Charbagh" design.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:

- Mughal Gardens are designed with symmetric, geometrical patterns featuring distinct terraces and flowing water.
- Terraces: Mughal gardens are built on sloping ground, divided into multiple terraces (representing different stages of life or paradise).
- Running Water (Nahars): Water is guided from higher to lower levels through lined canals, creating water chutes (chaddars), cascades, and fountains. This maintains a cool microclimate and a soothing ambient sound.
While Persian gardens introduced the Charbagh layout, the specific combination of high-rise stepped terraces and fast-flowing stone water-chutes was highly developed and popularized in India as a signature feature of Mughal gardens (e.g., Shalimar Bagh, Nishat Bagh).

Step 3: Final Answer:

Terraces and running water channels are defining features of Mughal gardens.
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