Question

Suggest the most appropriate location of the server inside the Amritsar University Campus. Justify your choice.

• A. Radio Waves
• B. Micro Waves
• C. Infrared Waves

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Recall the rule for the server location:
The server should sit in the block that has the most computers.
Then most of the network traffic stays inside that block and does not use the long cables between blocks.

Step 2: Compare the blocks:
ADMIN has 25 computers.
ACADEMIC has 600 computers.
HOSTEL has 120 computers.
SPORTS has 50 computers.
ACADEMIC has the largest number, far above the others.

Step 3: Check the distances:
ACADEMIC is also close to the other blocks: 60 m from ADMIN, 40 m from HOSTEL and 120 m from SPORTS.
So it is a good central point too.

Final Answer:
Place the server in the ACADEMIC block, because it has the maximum number of computers (600), so the least data travels between blocks.

Answer 2

Step 1: Decide the goal:
The blocks must all be connected with the least cable. That makes the layout efficient and cheap.
So we use the shortest links that still join all four blocks.

Step 2: List the links from the shortest:
ACADEMIC-HOSTEL 40 m.
ADMIN-ACADEMIC 60 m.
ADMIN-SPORTS 80 m.
ACADEMIC-SPORTS 120 m.
HOSTEL-SPORTS 150 m.
ADMIN-HOSTEL 160 m.

Step 3: Pick links without making a loop:
Take ACADEMIC-HOSTEL (40 m).
Take ADMIN-ACADEMIC (60 m). Now ADMIN, ACADEMIC and HOSTEL are joined.
Take ADMIN-SPORTS (80 m). Now SPORTS is joined too.
A fourth link would only make a loop, so we stop. Four blocks need only three links.
Total cable = 40 + 60 + 80 = 180 m.

Step 4: Cable layout:

HOSTEL ---- 40 m ---- ACADEMIC ---- 60 m ---- ADMIN ---- 80 m ---- SPORTS

The server in ACADEMIC sits in the middle of this layout.

Final Answer:
Connect HOSTEL to ACADEMIC (40 m), ACADEMIC to ADMIN (60 m) and ADMIN to SPORTS (80 m), 180 m of cable in all.

Answer 3

Step 1: Read what is asked:
The question wants two wired (guided) media that can join the computers inside the blocks of the Amritsar campus.
A wired medium carries the signal through a physical cable.

Step 2: Look at the distances:
The longest block to block distance on the campus is 160 m (ADMIN to HOSTEL).
The computers of one block sit in the same building, so the cable runs are short.
Any cable that works for a Local Area Network (LAN) is suitable here.

Step 3: Pick two wired media:
1. Twisted pair cable (Ethernet cable such as Cat5e or Cat6). It is cheap, easy to lay and is the common choice inside buildings.
2. Optical fibre cable. It carries light signals, gives very high speed and is not affected by electrical noise. It also covers longer distances between blocks.
Coaxial cable is a third wired medium that would also be accepted.

Final Answer:
Two wired media are twisted pair (Ethernet) cable and optical fibre cable.

Answer 4

Step 1: Know what FM is:
FM stands for Frequency Modulation. It is the way a radio station sends sound to listeners.
The signal travels through air as an electromagnetic wave.

Step 2: Match FM to the wave type:
FM broadcast uses the VHF band, about 88 MHz to 108 MHz. This band belongs to radio waves.
Radio waves pass through walls and spread in all directions, so a campus radio can reach every block.

Step 3: Check option (1) Radio Waves:
This matches the band used by FM channels. So (1) is correct.

Step 4: Check option (2) Micro Waves:
Microwaves have much higher frequencies, in the GHz range. They need a line of sight between two towers and are used for point to point links and satellites. FM does not use them. So (2) is wrong.

Step 5: Check option (3) Infrared Waves:
Infrared waves work over a short range and cannot pass through walls. They are used in TV remotes. They cannot cover a campus. So (3) is wrong.

Final Answer:
FM radio uses radio waves, which is option (1).

Answer 5

Step 1: Understand the need:
Students will join online lectures and workshops. These sessions carry live voice and video over the internet.
The protocol must send speech and video as packets in real time.

Step 2: Name the protocol:
The protocol used for voice and video calls over an IP network is VoIP.
Its full form is Voice over Internet Protocol.
It turns the sound (and video) into digital packets and sends them through the internet. At the other end the packets are turned back into sound and picture.

Step 3: Why not the others:
HTTP only fetches web pages. FTP only moves files. SMTP sends e-mail. None of them is built for live audio-visual calls.

Final Answer:
The protocol is VoIP, that is, Voice over Internet Protocol.

Answer 6

Step 1: Recall what a repeater does:
A repeater is a device that receives a weak signal, cleans it and sends it forward again at full strength.
A signal in a cable becomes weak as the distance grows. For twisted pair (Ethernet) cable, this limit is about 100 m.

Step 2: Find the long links:
The block to block distances are ADMIN-ACADEMIC 60 m, ADMIN-HOSTEL 160 m, ADMIN-SPORTS 80 m, ACADEMIC-HOSTEL 40 m, ACADEMIC-SPORTS 120 m and HOSTEL-SPORTS 150 m.
The ACADEMIC block has the most computers (600), so it is the best centre for the cabling.
From ACADEMIC the links go to ADMIN (60 m), HOSTEL (40 m) and SPORTS (120 m).

Step 3: Place the repeater:
Only the ACADEMIC to SPORTS link (120 m) is longer than 100 m.
So a repeater should be installed on the cable between the ACADEMIC block and the SPORTS block.

Step 4: Justify:
The signal weakens over 120 m of cable. The repeater boosts it, so the SPORTS block gets a clear signal. The other links are within 100 m, so they need none.


Step 5: Check this against the layout of part (ii):
If the blocks are joined by the lowest-cost layout of part (ii), the links are 40 m, 60 m and 80 m. All of them are under 100 m, so no repeater is needed there. A repeater is needed only when the 120 m ACADEMIC to SPORTS link (or the 150 m and 160 m links) is used. The rule stays the same: put the repeater on any cable run longer than 100 m.

Final Answer:
Install the repeater between the ACADEMIC and SPORTS blocks, because that link (120 m) is longer than 100 m. Any link longer than 100 m, such as ADMIN-HOSTEL (160 m), needs one in the same way.