Read the following passage carefully :
(1) Introduction : India faces a serious road safety challenge. According to the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, over 4.8 lakh road accidents were reported in 2023, leading to 1.72 lakh deaths. Many of these could have been avoided by simple precautions – wearing helmets, fastening seatbelts and following speed limits. These statistics aren’t just numbers; they represent lives lost and family dynamics changed forever.
| Causes of Road Accidents in India (2023) | ||
|---|---|---|
| S. No. | Causes | % |
| 1. | Overspeeding | 56 |
| 2. | Drunk driving | 8 |
| 3. | No seatbelt/helmet | 15 |
| 4. | Distraction (mobiles) | 6 |
| 5. | Mechanical failure | 4 |
| 6. | Weather/road condition | 6 |
| 7. | Others | 5 |
(2) Methodology : Recognising this, several cities are becoming proactive, especially near school zones. The municipal corporations and traffic police have introduced stricter school-zone safety measures – speed bumps, zebra crossings and digital signboards. This led to a 30% drop in minor accidents near schools, within a year. The success lay in combining infrastructure with awareness. Parents, teachers and traffic marshals helped monitor traffic during school hours.
(3) Survey : It’s not just governments stepping up. In many cities, class XI and XII students launched a campaign called ‘Ride Right’, promoting helmet use among two-wheeler riders. They handed out stickers, ran roadshows and launched a ‘No Helmet, No Selfie’ challenge that went viral. Over 2000 riders pledged to wear helmets daily. Their success even led to invitations from the municipal body to speak in other schools – proof of how youth-led efforts can spark policy engagement.
(4) Results : Technology is also playing a significant role. Automation through AI-powered traffic cameras, digital signs and automated lights is being implemented in metros to reduce human error and improve monitoring including Pilot projects such as iRASTE and AI based road safety pilot to predict and prevent accidents using real time data and alerts for drivers. These systems have led to a 40% rise in fine collection, showing improved rule enforcement. GPS based alert systems in school buses now notify parents of speeding or unscheduled stops – another step towards safer school commutes.
(5) Implication for interventions : Still, personal responsibility is the most powerful safety tool. Whether it’s a student cyclist using the left lane or a pedestrian waiting for the signal, every right choice sets an example. A popular slogan in school says it best : ‘I follow, I influence.’ Road safety is about respecting life, valuing time, and leading by example.
What strategy does the author use in paragraph (1) to highlight the seriousness of road accidents ?
What strategy does the author use in paragraph (1) to highlight the seriousness of road accidents ?
Show Hint
- use of statistics and emotional appeal.
- humour and satire
- technical jargon and neutrality
- personal anecdotes and optimism
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
The paragraph opens with figures: over 4.8 lakh accidents and 1.72 lakh deaths in 2023.
It then adds a feeling: 'These statistics aren't just numbers; they represent lives lost and family dynamics changed forever.'
Step 2: Test the options:
Option (A) fits, because the author uses hard data and also appeals to the reader's emotions.
Option (B) is wrong, as there is no humour or satire in a serious account of deaths.
Option (C) is wrong, as the language is simple and the tone is concerned, not neutral.
Option (D) is wrong, as no personal story is told and the tone is not optimistic.
Final Answer:
(A) use of statistics and emotional appeal.
What evidence from the passage suggests that stricter school-zone measures were effective ?
What evidence from the passage suggests that stricter school-zone measures were effective ?
Show Hint
- the number of schools increased rapidly.
- there was a 30% drop in minor accidents near schools.
- teachers and parents opposed the new rules.
- students stopped commuting by bicycle.
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Paragraph (2) lists the stricter measures: speed bumps, zebra crossings and digital signboards.
It then states the result: 'This led to a 30% drop in minor accidents near schools, within a year.'
Step 2: Match the evidence:
A fall in accidents is direct proof that the measures worked, so option (B) is correct.
Option (A) is not mentioned anywhere. Option (C) is contradicted, as parents and teachers helped monitor traffic. Option (D) is not stated in the passage.
Final Answer:
(B) there was a 30% drop in minor accidents near schools.
What would the following be classified as ?
Students launched a campaign called “Ride Right” promoting helmet use among two wheeler riders.
Select the appropriate response :
What would the following be classified as ?
Students launched a campaign called “Ride Right” promoting helmet use among two wheeler riders.
Select the appropriate response :
Show Hint
- primary purpose
- secondary objective
- method of analysis
- research outcome
The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
The students launched the 'Ride Right' campaign for one clear aim: to promote helmet use among two-wheeler riders.
This is the main goal of their effort, that is, its primary purpose.
Step 2: Check the options:
(A) primary purpose is correct, as the campaign was started for this very aim.
(B) secondary objective is wrong, as helmet promotion is the main aim and not a side one.
(C) method of analysis is wrong, as nothing is being analysed.
(D) research outcome is wrong, as the statement tells what was begun, not a result found.
Final Answer:
(A) primary purpose
Give two points to support the success of the No Helmet – No Selfie Challenge.
Give two points to support the success of the No Helmet – No Selfie Challenge.
Show Hint
Solution and Explanation
Paragraph (3) describes the 'No Helmet, No Selfie' challenge launched by the students. It says the challenge went viral.
Step 2: Pick the points that show success:
First, over 2000 riders pledged to wear helmets daily.
Second, the students' success led to invitations from the municipal body to speak in other schools.
Final Answer:
The challenge succeeded because over 2000 riders pledged to wear helmets daily, and the students received invitations to speak in other schools.
Which word from paragraph 4 best conveys the idea of ‘ensuring compliance through authoritative measures’ especially in the context of traffic systems ?
Which word from paragraph 4 best conveys the idea of ‘ensuring compliance through authoritative measures’ especially in the context of traffic systems ?
Show Hint
- collection
- enforcement
- monitoring
- automation
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
The paragraph says these systems led to a 40% rise in fine collection, 'showing improved rule enforcement'.
Making people obey rules by using the power of the authorities is what 'enforcement' means.
Step 2: Compare the other words:
'Collection' only refers to gathering fines. 'Monitoring' means watching or observing, not forcing compliance. 'Automation' means working by machines.
Final Answer:
(B) enforcement
Analyze why does the author emphasise that both technology and personal responsibility are important in promoting road safety.
Analyze why does the author emphasise that both technology and personal responsibility are important in promoting road safety.
Show Hint
Solution and Explanation
Paragraph (4) shows that automated systems such as AI-powered cameras and digital signs can detect violations, reduce human error and improve monitoring and rule enforcement.
Step 2: Role of personal responsibility:
Paragraph (5) says that real change depends on conscious choices and on the mind-set of each person, because every right choice sets an example for others.
Final Answer:
The author stresses both because technology can detect violations and reduce human error, while personal responsibility and conscious choices make people follow the rules even when no machine is watching.
Complete the following with a suitable reason :
Road safety is about personal responsibility because _________.
Complete the following with a suitable reason :
Road safety is about personal responsibility because _________.
Show Hint
Solution and Explanation
Paragraph (5) begins: 'Still, personal responsibility is the most powerful safety tool.'
Step 2: Frame the reason:
The reason is that personal responsibility is the most powerful safety tool.
Final Answer:
Road safety is about personal responsibility because it is the most powerful safety tool.
Which of the following inferences is best supported by the data in the table ?
Which of the following inferences is best supported by the data in the table ?
Show Hint
- enforcement of helmet and seat belt rules would address the cause of road deaths.
- speeding is the key issue, which requires technological and behavioural interventions.
- mobile phone use while driving is the fastest growing cause of accidents.
- drunk driving accounts for more deaths than ‘no helmet/seat belt’ and distractions combined.
The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Overspeeding causes 56% of accidents, far above every other cause: drunk driving 8%, no seatbelt/helmet 15%, distraction 6%, mechanical failure 4%, weather/road condition 6% and others 5%.
Step 2: Test each inference:
(B) is supported, as speeding is the biggest cause and the passage says it needs technology and behaviour change.
(A) is wrong, as no helmet/seat belt is only 15%, so it cannot address the main cause.
(C) is wrong, as the table has no data on growth over time.
(D) is wrong, as drunk driving (8%) is less than 15% + 6% = 21%.
Final Answer:
(B) speeding is the key issue, which requires technological and behavioural interventions.
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