Question:
Read the following passage and answer the question that follow:
The data below shows the concentration of nicotine smoked by a smoker taking 10 puffs/minute.
(b) How does cigarette smoking result in high blood pressure and increase in heart rate?
Read the following passage and answer the question that follow:
The data below shows the concentration of nicotine smoked by a smoker taking 10 puffs/minute.
(b) How does cigarette smoking result in high blood pressure and increase in heart rate?
Show Hint
Nicotine acts through adrenaline and noradrenaline.
Updated On: Oct 22, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Role of nicotine:
Nicotine stimulates the adrenal glands to release adrenaline and noradrenaline into the blood.
Step 2: Effect on the heart and vessels:
These hormones make the heart beat faster, so the heart rate increases.
They also narrow the small blood vessels (vasoconstriction), which raises the resistance to blood flow. So the blood pressure rises.
Step 3: Extra effect of carbon monoxide:
Smoke contains CO, which lowers the oxygen carried by the blood. The heart then has to beat faster to supply enough oxygen.
Final Answer:
Nicotine releases adrenaline and noradrenaline, which raise heart rate and blood pressure.
Nicotine stimulates the adrenal glands to release adrenaline and noradrenaline into the blood.
Step 2: Effect on the heart and vessels:
These hormones make the heart beat faster, so the heart rate increases.
They also narrow the small blood vessels (vasoconstriction), which raises the resistance to blood flow. So the blood pressure rises.
Step 3: Extra effect of carbon monoxide:
Smoke contains CO, which lowers the oxygen carried by the blood. The heart then has to beat faster to supply enough oxygen.
Final Answer:
Nicotine releases adrenaline and noradrenaline, which raise heart rate and blood pressure.
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