List of practice Questions

Halogenation of which one of the following will yield m-substituted product with respect to methyl group as a major product?

Which statement is NOT correct for p-toluenesulphonyl chloride?

Which one of the following is a water soluble vitamin, that is not excreted easily?

Which of the following is NOT an example of synthetic detergent?

Sugar moiety in DNA and RNA molecules, respectively are

Which of the following compound does not contain sulphur atom?

There is a sentence that is missing in the paragraph below. Look at the paragraph and decide in which blank (option 1, 2, 3, or 4) the following sentence would best fit.
Sentence: Most were first-time users of a tablet and a digital app.
Paragraph: Aage Badhein’s USP lies in the ethnographic research that constituted the foundation of its development process. Customizations based on learning directly from potential users were critical to making this self-paced app suitable for both a literate and non-literate audience. ____(1)____ The user interface caters to a Hindi-speaking audience who have minimal to no experience with digital services and devices. ____(2)____ The content and functionality of the app are suitable for a wide audience. This includes youth preparing for an independent role in life or a student ready to create a strong foundation of financial management early in her life. ____(3)____ Household members desirous of improving their family’s financial strength to reach their aspirations can also benefit. We piloted Aage Badhein in early 2021 with over 400 women from rural areas. ____(4)____ The digital solution generated a large amount of interest in the communities.

Statements:
A. If all players play to their full potential, we will win the match.
B. We have won the match.
Conclusions:
I. All players played to their full potential.
II. Some players did not play to their full potential.

The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage.
To defend the sequence of alphabetisation may seem bizarre, so obvious is its application that it is hard to imagine a reference,catalogue or listing without it. But alphabetical order was not an immediate consequence of the alphabet itself. In the Middle Ages,deference for ecclesiastical tradition left scholars reluctant to categorise things according to the alphabet-to do so would be a rejection of the divine order. The rediscovery of the ancient Greek and Roman classics necessitated more efficient ways of ordering, searching and referencing texts. Government bureaucracy in the 16th and 17th centuries quickened the advance of alphabetical order,bringing with it pigeonholes,notebooks and card indexes.

Statements:
A. Some businessmen are rich.
B. Soman is rich.
Conclusions:
I. Soman is a businessman.
II. Soman has a big farm.

Statements: “The Government will review the present policy of the diesel price in view of further spurt in the international oil prices” - A spokesman of the Government. Conclusions:
I. The Government will increase the price of the diesel after the imminent spurt in the international oil prices.
II. The Government will not increase the price of the diesel even after the imminent spurt in the international oil prices.

Out of the four given alternatives,choose the one which best expresses the meaning of the given word:RAKISH

The passage given below is followed by four alternate summaries. Choose the option that best captures the essence of the passage. Petitioning is an expeditious democratic tradition, used frequently in prior centuries, by which citizens can bring issues directly to governments. As expressions of collective voice, they support procedural democracy by shaping agendas. They can also recruit citizens to causes, give voice to the voteless, and apply the discipline of rhetorical argument that clarifies a point of view. By contrast, elections are limited in several respects: they involve only a few candidates, and thus fall far short of a representative democracy. Further, voters’ choices are not specific to particular policies or laws, and elections are episodic, whereas the voice of the people needs to be heard and integrated constantly into democratic government.

The four sentences (labelled 1, 2, 3 and 4) below, when properly sequenced, would yield a coherent paragraph. Decide on the proper sequencing of the order of the sentences and key in the sequence of the four numbers as your answer:
[1] The trajectory of cheerfulness through the self is linked to the history of the word ‘cheer’ which comes from an Old French meaning ‘face’.
[2] Translations of the Bible into vernacular languages, expanded the noun ‘cheer’ into the more abstract ‘cheerful-ness’, something that circulates as an emotional and social quality defining the self and a moral community.
[3] When you take on a cheerful expression, no matter what the state of your soul, your cheerfulness moves into the self: the interior of the self is changed by the power of cheer.
[4] People in the medieval ‘Canterbury Tales’ have a ‘piteous’ or a ‘sober’ cheer; ‘cheer’ is an expression and a body part, lying at the intersection of emotions and physiognomy.

Read the following passage and answer the question
India is back to the situation in October 2021of abysmal coal stocks in over half of the 173 thermal plants, even as a long summer lies ahead. There are just eightdays of coal stocks in thermal power stations in 12 States, even as domestic demand, according to i ndustry observers, touched a near-four decade high in the first two weeks of April. Temperatures this March and April are at decadal highs, giving rise to a coal demand-supply gap of at least 10 per cent. Outages have already begun in many States, even as coal supplies to non-power sectors have been cut. Power utilities account for about 70 per cent of coal demand, while iron and steel accounts for another 15 per cent. A cutback of coal to industry could hurt steel, cement and aluminium production, with serious repercussions for the economy. Coal supplies must be increased without further delay by addressing bottlenecks. Coal India Ltd (CIL) has been a laggard in increasing output from its mines in the last several years. During 2015, the Centre had ambitious plans of doubling CIL's output to a billion tonnes by 2019-20. Seven years hence, in FY22 CIL's output has inched its way up to just 626 million tonnes - that's a compounded annual growth of a piffling 3.44 per cent (compared to the target of about 15 per cent between FY16-FY20). Clearly, there are issues for the Centre to sort out here. Coal output has clearly not kept pace with the rising energy demand in the country. The supply shortfall has been made worse by the non-availability of railway rakes to supply coal from the pitheads to the 150-odd plants situated a good distance away. Indeed, coal output in the summer months can be improved if there are rakes to transport the coal away from the pithead (where mounds of it would be a fire hazard at high temperatures) to the power stations. It is a mystery as to why the increased capex outlays in the Railways have not translated into improvements in this crucial area. Extra rakes on coal transport routes should be deployed without delay. There is also a more endemic problem that is holding up coal supplies to power plants: the unpaid dues by Gencos to Coal India, which in turn is because Discoms have not paid the Gencos. A sum of 1.23-lakh crore is payable by Discoms to the Gencos. Meanwhile, resource-strapped Gencos are operating at a PLF of about 60 per cent. While a clean-up of the affairs of Discoms cannot be achieved overnight, a financial intervention that improves the cash flows of Gencos can alleviate the crisis. Meanwhile, there is a need to look at climate change as a factor impacting coal demand. According to a September 2021 Crisil report, coal consumption by power plants in the month of April exceeded the monthly average of 51 million tonnes in FY19, FY20 and FY 22 (FY21 being an aberration owing to the recession), and this is likely to be repeated this month as well, if rising demand is to be met. A late monsoon retreat curtails output in coal mines, creating shortages in September-October when the heat is still on, while the onset of an early summer reduces the winter window (characterised by weak demand) to ramp up output, reducing inventories. An output increase in the summer months is the best way out.
The major reason for coal shortages is

Read the following passage and answer the question
The State of Inequality in India Report was released by Dr Bibek Debroy, Chairman, Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister (EAC-PM). The report has been written by the Institute for Competitiveness and presents a holistic analysis of the depth and nature of inequality in India. The report compiles information on inequities across sectors of health, education, household characteristics and the labour market, As the report presents, inequities in these sectors make the population more vulnerable and triggers a descent into multidimensional poverty. Dr Bibek Debroy has stated, "inequality is an emotive issue. It is also an empirical issue, since definition and measurement are both contingent on the metric used and data available, including its timeline". He further adds, "to reduce poverty and enhance employment, since May 2014, Union Government has introduced a variety of measures interpreting inclusion as the provision of basic necessities, measures that have enabled India to withstand the shock of the Covid-19 Pandemic better". The report is a stock-taking of both inclusion and exclusion and contributes to the policy debates. The report moves beyond the wealth estimates that depict only a partial picture to highlight estimates of income distribution over the periods of 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20. With a first-time focus on income distribution to understand the capital flow, the report emphasises that wealth concentration as a measure of inequality does not reveal the changes in the purchasing capacity of households. Extrapolation of the income data from PLFS 2019-20 has shown that a monthly salary of Rs 25,000 is already amongst the top 10% of total incomes earned, pointing towards some levels of income disparity. The share of the top 1% accounts for 6-7% of the total incomes earned, while the top 10% accounts for one-third of all incomes earned. In 2019-20, among different employment categories, the highest percentage was of self-employed workers (45.78%), followed by regular salaried workers (33.5%) and casual workers (20.71%). The share of self-employed workers also happens to be the highest in the lowest income categories. The country's unemployment rate is 4.8% (2019-20), and the worker population ratio is 46.8%. In the area of health infrastructure, there has been a considerable improvement in increasing the infrastructural capacity with a targeted focus on rural areas. From 1,72,608 total health centres in India in 2005, total health centres in 2020 stand at 1,85,505. States and Union Territories like Rajasthan, Gujrat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Chandigarh have significantly increased health centres (comprising of Sub-Centres, Primary Health Centres, and Community Health Centres) between 2005 and 2020, The results of NFHS-4 (2015-16) and NFHS-5 (2019-21) have shown that 58.6% of women received antenatal check-ups in the first trimester in 2015-16, which increased to 70% by 2019-21. 78% of women received postnatal care from a doctor or auxiliary nurse within two days of delivery, and 79.1% of children received postnatal care within two days of delivery. However, nutritional deprivation in terms of overweight, underweight, and prevalence of anaemia (especially in children, adolescent girls and pregnant women) remains areas of huge concern requiring urgent attention, as the report states. Additionally, low health coverage, leading to high out-of-pocket expenditure, directly affects poverty incidences. According to the report, education and household conditions have improved enormously due to targeted efforts through several social protection schemes, especially in the area of water availability and sanitation that have increased the standard of living. It is emphasised that education and cognitive development from the foundational years is a long-term corrective measure for inequality. By 2019-20, 95% of schools have functional toilet facilities on the school premises (95.9% functional boy's toilets and 96.9% functional girl's toilets). 80.16% of schools have functional electricity connections with States and Union Territories like Goa, Tamil Nadu, Chandigarh, Delhi, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Lakshadweep and Puducherry have achieved universal (100%) coverage of functional electricity connections. The Gross Enrolment Ratio has also increased between 2018-19 and 2019-20 at the primary, upper primary, secondary and higher secondary. In terms of improvement in household conditions, emphasis on providing access to sanitation and safe drinking water has meant leading a dignified life for most households. According to NFHS-5 (2019-21), 97% of households have electricity access, 70% have improved access to sanitation, and 96% have access to safe drinking water.
Which one of the following is NOT correct asper the above passage?

Convert the sentence given in the question into INDIRECT SPEECH.
"Where do you live?",asked the Police constable.

The following question has two blanks,each blank indicating something has been omitted.Choose the word for each blank which best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.
To achieve its full potential,India must not only be able to ……many obstacles that hold it back but also sail with the rest of the world in ……………the benchmarks of democratic rights,equitable distribution of wealth and access to health and education.

Read the following passage and answer the question
Indian Railways (IR) measures the punctuality of trains at the terminating stations. In other countries, it is measured at the originating point, intermediata station, and at terminating stations. In addition, for measuring punctuality, IR provides an allowance of 15 minutes delay with reference to the scheduled time. Other countries have much stricter thresholds as given follows. Japan in seconds, Netherland 3 minutes, Russia and Germany in 5 minutes, Great Brittan in 10 minutes. Even with a low benchmark and higher threshold, the punctuality of Mail/Express trains over IR declined from 79 per cent (2012-13) to 69.23 per cent (2018-19) that ton at the terminating stations only. As per the ICMS report, the poorest punctuality arnong the zones were in NCR during 2012-13 and 2018-19. In 2015-16, out of 5.85 lakh traine, 1.27 lakh Express trains reached the destination station with delay. During 2018-19, number of delayed trains increased by 43 per cent. Out of 6.22 lakh trains, 1.82 lakh trains did not meet the punctuality yardstick of 15 minutes. Three zonal railways ways-NCR ECR and NR-contributed 100 and 67 per cent in total delay of IR during 2015-16 and 2018-19. Review of the Complaint Management System by by Audit revealed that there was sharp increase in the number or of complaint cases on a of punctually in IR. Duning the period 2015-16, 2016-17 and 2017-18 the number of complaints that were lodged in the system for late e running of trains was 9112, 20,025 and 35,793 res actively The complaints increased to 40,077 (an increase of 340 per cent over the year 2015-16) in 2018-19. Audit analysed the data for Mal/Express trains for 2016-17, 2017-18 and 2018-10 from ICMS report number 201 and noticed that on an average 13,15,450 trains are reported through ICMS per annum. Of these, only 29.64 per cent of trains (3,80,877 trains) reached on time (RT) and 20.17 per cent of trains (2.65,301 trains) arrived before time (IT). Remaining 50.18 per cent of trains (6,60,188 raine) are delayed. Before time cases indicates poor timetabling by provision of extra running time, Ministry of Railways stated (November 2021) that IR measures punctuality on terminating basis However, monitoring of running r is done on continuou ous and real-time basis. To put the punctuality performance in perspective it is to be noted that between 2012-2013 and 2018-2019, the train services have increased In numbers by 20 O per cent. Audit is of the view that Punctuality massured on terminating bels does not conform to global best practicos. Audit noticed that by computerized timetabling, grouping of trains, conflict resolution and integrated maintenance, punctuality of trains can be improved.
From the above analysis it is known that some trains reach the destination before the scheduled time. What is the reason?

Read the following passage and answer the question
The capability approach is a broad normative framework for the evaluation of individual well-being and social arrangements, the design of policies and proposals about social change in society. The capability approach is used in a wide range of fields, most prominently in development thinking, welfare economics, social policy and political philosophy. It can be used to evaluate a wide variety of aspects of people's well-being, such as individual well-being, inequality and poverty. It can also be used as an alternative evaluative tool for social cost-benefit analysis, or to design and evaluate policies, ranging from welfare state design in affluent societies, to development policies by governments and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in developing countries. In academia, it is being discussed in quite abstract and philosophical terms, but also used for applied and empirical studies. In development policy circles, it has provided the foundations of the human development paradigm. The core characteristic of the capability approach is its focus on what people are effectively able to do and to be, that is, on their capabilities. This contrasts with philosophical approaches that concentrate on people's happiness or desire-fulfilment, or on theoretical and practical approaches that concentrate on income, expenditures, consumption or basic needs fulfilment. A focus on people's capabilities in the choice of development policies makes a profound theoretical difference, and leads to quite different policies compared to neo-liberalism and utilitarian policy prescriptions. Some aspects of the capability approach can be traced back to, among others, Aristotle, Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill and Karl Marx, but the approach in its present form has been pioneered by the economist and philosopher Amartya Sen, and more recently also been significantly developed by the philosopher Martha. Sen argued that in social evaluations and policy design, the focus should be on what people are able to do and be, on the quality of their life, and on removing obstacles in their lives so that they have more freedom to live the kind of life which, upon reflection, they find valuable: "The capability approach to a person's advantage is concerned with evaluating it in terms of his or her actual ability to achieve various valuable functionings as a part of living. The corresponding approach to social advantage -for aggregative appraisal as well as for the choice of institutions and policy - takes the set of individual capabilities as constituting an indispensable and central part of the relevant informational base of such evaluation"
The main theme of the above passage is....

The following idiom is followed by some alternatives. Choose the one which best expresses its meaning.
TURN THE HOUSE UPSIDE DOWN