Question

'Operant Conditioning' can be associated with:

• A. Carl Jung
• B. B.F. Skinner
• C. Pavlov
• D. Alfred Adler

Hint:

Remember that operant conditioning involves the use of consequences to modify behavior, which aligns with B.F. Skinner's contributions to psychology.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Concept
Operant conditioning is a type of learning where the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.

Step 2: Meaning
In operant conditioning, behaviors are influenced by their consequences. Positive outcomes (reinforcement) increase behavior; negative outcomes (punishment) decrease it.

Step 3: Analysis
[leftmargin=20pt, itemsep=3pt, topsep=4pt]
• A) Carl Jung was a Swiss psychiatrist who developed theories about the collective unconscious and archetypes — not related to operant conditioning.
• B) B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist known for his work on operant conditioning, using consequences to modify behavior.
• C) Ivan Pavlov conducted experiments with dogs leading to classical conditioning — a different learning paradigm involving stimulus pairing.
• D) Alfred Adler was an Austrian medical doctor who founded individual psychology, emphasizing inferiority complex and holistic personality — not related to operant conditioning.

Step 4: Conclusion
B.F. Skinner is associated with operant conditioning because his research focused on how behaviors are influenced by their consequences through reinforcement and punishment. Final Answer: (B)