Question

Nicotine affects blood pressure and heart rate due to release of certain adrenal hormones. Following are some of the adrenal hormones :

(i) Adrenaline

(ii) Cortisol

(iii) Noradrenaline

(iv) Aldosterone

Select the correct option :

• A. (i) and (ii)
• B. (i) and (iv)
• C. (ii) and (iii)
• D. (i) and (iii)

Hint:

Nicotine releases adrenaline and noradrenaline, which raise heart rate and blood pressure.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Recall the effect of nicotine:
Nicotine stimulates the adrenal gland.
It raises the level of adrenaline and noradrenaline in the blood.

Step 2: Link hormones to blood pressure and heart rate:
Adrenaline and noradrenaline come from the adrenal medulla.
They raise the heart rate and the blood pressure.

Step 3: Check the other hormones:
Cortisol is a glucocorticoid and works on glucose and stress, not mainly on heart rate.
Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid and controls sodium and water balance.
So options with (ii) or (iv) are wrong.

Final Answer:
Adrenaline and noradrenaline are the answer, option (D). \[ \boxed{\text{(i) and (iii)}} \]