Question

Match the following: 
I. Alpha (α) cells      [P] Glucagon 
II. Beta (β) cells       [Q] Somatostatin 
III. Delta (δ) cells     [R] Gastrin 
IV. G cells                [S] Proinsulin

• A. (I)-(P), (II)-(S), (III)-(Q), (IV)-(R)
• B. (I)-(Q), (II)-(S), (III)-(P), (IV)-(R)
• C. (I)-(R), (II)-(S), (III)-(Q), (IV)-(P)
• D. (I)-(S), (II)-(R), (III)-(Q), (IV)-(P)

Hint:

Remember: α-cells → Glucagon, β-cells → Insulin/Proinsulin, δ-cells → Somatostatin, G-cells → Gastrin. These are common GPAT questions on pancreatic and gastric hormones.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

The pancreas and gastrointestinal tract contain various types of endocrine cells that secrete different hormones involved in glucose metabolism and digestion. - Alpha (α) cells: Located in the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, these cells secrete glucagon, a hormone that raises blood glucose levels by promoting glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
- Beta (β) cells: Also located in the pancreatic islets, they secrete insulin and its precursor proinsulin, which help lower blood glucose.
- Delta (δ) cells: Present in the pancreas and GI tract, they secrete somatostatin, a hormone that inhibits the release of many other hormones including insulin, glucagon, and gastrin.
- G cells: Found primarily in the antrum of the stomach, these cells secrete gastrin, which stimulates gastric acid secretion by parietal cells.
Thus, the correct matching is: - I → P (Glucagon)
- II → S (Proinsulin)
- III → Q (Somatostatin)
- IV → R (Gastrin)

Answer 2

This question pairs four endocrine cell types with the hormone each one secretes. Working from what each cell is known for, rather than reading straight down the option list, confirms the matching.

1. (I)-(P), (II)-(S), (III)-(Q), (IV)-(R): Alpha cells are the glucagon-producing cells of the pancreatic islets, matching I to P. Beta cells make insulin, and proinsulin is the precursor molecule synthesized and stored inside these same beta cells before being cleaved into active insulin, matching II to S. Delta cells release somatostatin, which dampens the secretion of several other hormones nearby, matching III to Q. G cells sit in the stomach antrum and release gastrin to stimulate acid secretion, matching IV to R. Every pairing checks out here.
2. (I)-(Q), (II)-(S), (III)-(P), (IV)-(R): This swaps alpha cells to somatostatin and delta cells to glucagon, but glucagon is an alpha cell product and somatostatin is a delta cell product, so the first and third pairings here are reversed from the correct assignment.
3. (I)-(R), (II)-(S), (III)-(Q), (IV)-(P): This assigns gastrin to alpha cells and glucagon to G cells, but gastrin comes from G cells, not alpha cells, so this option has the first and last pairings swapped.
4. (I)-(S), (II)-(R), (III)-(Q), (IV)-(P): This assigns proinsulin to alpha cells and gastrin to beta cells, neither of which is correct, since proinsulin belongs with beta cells and gastrin belongs with G cells.

Matching each cell to its actual secreted hormone confirms only the first option lines up correctly across all four pairs.

So the correct answer is (I)-(P), (II)-(S), (III)-(Q), (IV)-(R).