Question

Match List I with List - II.
List - I (Types of Drought):
A. Meteorological Drought
B. Agricultural Drought
C. Hydrological Drought
D. Ecological Drought
List - II (Explanation):
I. Prolonged period of inadequate rainfall marked with maldistribution of the same over time and space.
II. Low soil moisture that is necessary to support the crops, resulting in crop failures.
III. It results when water availability falls below what the precipitation can replenish in lakes, reservoirs, etc.
IV. When productivity of a natural ecosystem falls due to shortage of water leading to distress and damage. Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
• B. A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
• C. A-I, B-IV, C-II, D-III
• D. A-IV, B-II, C-I, D-III

Hint:

Agricultural drought mainly affects crops due to low soil moisture.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Concept:
Droughts are classified on the basis of rainfall deficiency, agricultural impact, water availability, and ecological damage.

Step 1:
Meteorological drought occurs due to prolonged deficiency and uneven distribution of rainfall. \[ A \rightarrow I \]

Step 2:
Agricultural drought occurs when soil moisture becomes insufficient for crop growth. \[ B \rightarrow II \]

Step 3:
Hydrological drought happens when lakes, rivers, and reservoirs experience reduced water levels. \[ C \rightarrow III \]

Step 4:
Ecological drought affects ecosystems and reduces natural productivity due to water shortage. \[ D \rightarrow IV \]

Step 5:
Thus, the correct arrangement is: \[ A-I,\ B-II,\ C-III,\ D-IV \] \[ \boxed{\text{(1) A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV}} \]