Question

Match List-I with List-II.
List-I (Causative organisms) & List-II (Indicator)
(A) Coliforms & (I) late blowing in canned products
(B) Pseudomonas & (II) bitterness
(C) Anaerobic sporeformers & (III) faecal contamination
(D) Bacillus spp & (IV) water contamination

• (A) - (I), (B) - (II), (C) - (III), (D) - (IV)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II)
• (A) - (II), (B) - (I), (C) - (IV), (D) - (III)
• (A) - (III), (B) - (II), (C) - (I), (D) - (IV)

Hint:

For rapid matching:
- Coliforms are always associated with faecal contamination (III).
- Pseudomonas is a classic indicator of water contamination (IV).
This confirms Option (B) as the correct choice.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
In dairy microbiology, specific bacterial groups serve as indicators of hygiene, water quality, and raw material defects.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the relationships between the causative organisms and their biological roles:
1. Coliforms (A): These lactose-fermenting, gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria (such as Escherichia coli) are standard indicators of faecal contamination (III) and overall sanitary conditions during milking and processing.
2. Pseudomonas (B): Members of this genus are common aquatic bacteria.
Their presence in pasteurized milk indicates post-pasteurization contamination, often traced back to chlorinated water supply contamination (IV) used in dairy plant sanitization.
3. Anaerobic sporeformers (C): Gas-producing clostridia (such as Clostridium tyrobutyricum and Clostridium butyricum) grow under anaerobic conditions in sealed packages, producing \(\text{CO}_2\) and \(\text{H}_2\) gases. This leads to late blowing in canned or packaged dairy products (I).
4. Bacillus spp. (D): These aerobic sporeformers secrete highly heat-stable proteolytic enzymes.
Even after pasteurization, these proteases remain active, slowly hydrolyzing caseins into hydrophobic bitter peptides, causing a distinct bitterness (II) or "sweet curdling" defect in milk.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Matching the pairs correctly yields: (A) - (III), (B) - (IV), (C) - (I), (D) - (II).