Question

Match List-I with List-II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

• A. (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
• B. (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV)
• C. (A)-(III), (B)-(II), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
• D. (A)-(II), (B)-(III), (C)-(I), (D)-(IV)

Hint:

Black tip of mango can also be temporarily managed by spraying coal tar or washing soda if brick kilns are operating nearby.
Borax sprays are highly effective for correcting various fruit cracking and internal necrosis disorders in pomes and drupes.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Mango (Mangifera indica) is susceptible to several physiological and environmental disorders.
Effective orchard management requires identifying the causes of these disorders and applying targeted control measures.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
- (A) Fruit clustering (Jhumka): This disorder is characterized by the development of cluster-like, small, seedless fruits at the tip of the panicles, which fail to grow and eventually drop. It is caused by poor pollination and lack of fertilization, often due to low temperatures during flowering. Keeping bee hives in the orchard (I) increases the pollinator population and ensures proper fertilization, controlling the disorder. Thus, (A) matches (I).
- (B) Softening of tissue (Sponge tissue): This is a major post-harvest physiological disorder in mangoes, particularly in 'Alphonso'. It causes a portion of the pulp to become spongy, yellowish, and sour. Bagging fruits with paper bags one month before harvest (II) reduces the convective heat absorbed by the fruit, significantly decreasing sponge tissue incidence. Thus, (B) matches (II).
- (C) Internal necrosis: This disorder is characterized by the browning and eventual death of tissues starting from the seed. It is caused by boron deficiency. A foliar spray of 1% Borax (III) corrects this deficiency and prevents the tissue necrosis. Thus, (C) matches (III).
- (D) Black tip: This disorder is marked by the blackening and necrosis of the distal end of the mango fruit. It is caused by toxic gases (such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ethylene) emitted from nearby brick kilns. Planting mango orchards at least 3 km away from active brick kilns (IV) protects the developing fruit from these toxic fumes. Thus, (D) matches (IV).
Combining these pairs yields the sequence: (A)-(I), (B)-(II), (C)-(III), (D)-(IV).

Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct matching sequence corresponds to option (B).