Question

List any two factors that disturb the genetic equilibrium.

Hint:

The "Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium" only exists in a large, randomly mating population with no mutation, no migration, and no selection.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Genetic equilibrium is maintained when there is no evolution. Any factor that changes allele frequencies disturbs this equilibrium.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
1. Gene migration/Gene flow: When individuals move into or out of a population, they add or remove alleles, changing the local allele frequencies.
2. Genetic drift: This refers to random changes in allele frequencies by chance, especially in small populations.
3. Mutation: New alleles are introduced into the population.
4. Natural Selection: Certain alleles provide a survival advantage and increase in frequency.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Two factors are Gene flow and Genetic drift.