Given below are two statements:
Statement (I): On steeper sloping land, contour furrows can be used up to a maximum land slope of 5%.
Statement (II): In furrow irrigation, a minimum slope of 0.01% is recommended to assist drainage.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.
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Remember the slope limits for furrow irrigation:
- Maximum slope for standard furrows = 0.5% to 2% (up to 5% for contour furrows with erosion control).
- Minimum slope = 0.05% (to ensure water flows and excess water drains).
Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.
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The Correct Option isC
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Furrow irrigation is a surface irrigation method where water is directed down small, parallel channels (furrows) running along the crop rows. The slope of the land is a key factor in the design and operation of this system. Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze both statements:
Statement (I): Contour furrows are constructed across a slope along the contour lines of the land.
They are designed to slow down water flow, promote infiltration, and prevent soil erosion.
This method is highly effective on moderately steep sloping land, up to a recommended maximum slope of5%. On slopes steeper than 5%, the risk of furrow overflow and soil erosion increases. Thus, Statement (I) iscorrect.
Statement (II): To prevent water from ponding and to ensure proper drainage of excess rainwater, furrows must have a slight slope along their length.
The standard recommended minimum grade for furrow irrigation is0.05% to 0.1%.
A slope of 0.01% is too flat, which would lead to poor water movement and inadequate drainage, particularly in heavy clay soils. Thus, Statement (II) isincorrect.
Therefore, Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect. Step 2: Final Answer:
The correct option is (C).
