Question

Given below are two statements:
Statement (I) : Colostrum provides natural passive immunity in cattle.
Statement (II) : Cell mediated immunity is a part of innate immune system.
In light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below.

• A. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are correct.
• B. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are incorrect.
• C. Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.
• D. Statement (I) is incorrect but Statement (II) is correct.

Hint:

To keep these concepts straight: - Innate Immunity = Fast, non-specific (barriers, phagocytes, complement).
- Adaptive Immunity = Specific, develops memory (Humoral/Antibodies and Cell-Mediated/T-cells).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
This question covers the classifications of immunity, distinguishing between passive and active immunity, and between innate and adaptive immune systems.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Statement (I) discusses colostrum and passive immunity.
Newborn calves are born with almost no circulating antibodies.
Colostrum (the first milk produced after birth) is rich in maternal immunoglobulins (antibodies), particularly IgG.
When the calf drinks colostrum within its first few hours of life, these antibodies are absorbed intact into its bloodstream.
This provides immediate, temporary protection against pathogens, which is a classic example of natural passive immunity.
Thus, Statement (I) is correct.
Statement (II) describes cell-mediated immunity.
The immune system is divided into the innate (non-specific) immune system and the adaptive (acquired, specific) immune system.
Cell-mediated immunity is mediated by specialized T-lymphocytes (such as helper T-cells and cytotoxic T-cells) that target specific antigens.
Because it involves antigen-specific recognition and immunological memory, cell-mediated immunity is a key part of the adaptive immune system, not the innate immune system.
Innate cellular defenses rely on non-specific cells like macrophages and neutrophils.
Thus, Statement (II) is incorrect.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Statement (I) is correct but Statement (II) is incorrect.