Question

Given below are two statements:
Assertion (A): The Indian Constitution is seen as a living document.
Reason (R): Parliament, while amending the constitution, cannot alter the basic structure of the Indian Constitution. Choose the most appropriate answer:

• A. Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
• B. Both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
• C. (A) is correct but (R) is not correct
• D. (A) is not correct but (R) is correct

Hint:

Understanding both the concept of a living document and the basic structure doctrine is crucial for comprehending how the Indian Constitution can evolve while maintaining its core principles.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Concept
The Indian Constitution, often referred to as a living document, means that it can be adapted to meet the changing needs of society. The basic structure doctrine asserts that while the constitution can evolve, certain fundamental principles cannot be altered by Parliament through constitutional amendments.

Step 2: Meaning
A living document implies flexibility and adaptability over time. Basic structure refers to core values and principles that must remain intact during any constitutional changes.

Step 3: Analysis
Assertion (A) states that the Indian Constitution is seen as a living document, which means it can be amended to suit contemporary needs while preserving its essential nature. Reason (R) mentions that Parliament cannot alter the basic structure of the constitution when making amendments. This assertion aligns with the concept of the constitution being adaptable yet having certain immutable principles. The basic structure doctrine, established by the Supreme Court in cases like Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala and Minerva Mills Ltd. v. Union of India, confirms that while Parliament can amend parts of the Constitution, it cannot change its fundamental character or core values such as democracy, secularism, federalism, etc. Both (A) and (R) are correct. Reason (R) provides a specific explanation for why the Indian Constitution is considered a living document by ensuring that certain basic principles remain inviolate during amendments.

Step 4: Conclusion
The assertion about the constitution being a living document is accurate because of the principle of not altering its basic structure, as stated in reason (R). Final Answer: (A)