Question:
During distal paravertebral anaesthesia in cattle, the thirteenth thoracic, and the first second lumbar spinal nerves are blocked at the transverse process of
(A) First lumbar vertebra
(B) Second lumbar vertebra
(C) Third lumbar vertebra
(D) Fourth lumbar vertebra
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
During distal paravertebral anaesthesia in cattle, the thirteenth thoracic, and the first second lumbar spinal nerves are blocked at the transverse process of
(A) First lumbar vertebra
(B) Second lumbar vertebra
(C) Third lumbar vertebra
(D) Fourth lumbar vertebra
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) First lumbar vertebra
(B) Second lumbar vertebra
(C) Third lumbar vertebra
(D) Fourth lumbar vertebra
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
To remember the distal paravertebral block landmarks easily, associate the nerve with the corresponding transverse process tip where it is blocked:
- $T_{13}$ nerve $\rightarrow$ blocked at $L_1$ tip.
- $L_1$ nerve $\rightarrow$ blocked at $L_2$ tip.
- $L_2$ nerve $\rightarrow$ blocked at $L_4$ tip.
Hence, we use the tips of L1, L2, and L4.
- $T_{13}$ nerve $\rightarrow$ blocked at $L_1$ tip.
- $L_1$ nerve $\rightarrow$ blocked at $L_2$ tip.
- $L_2$ nerve $\rightarrow$ blocked at $L_4$ tip.
Hence, we use the tips of L1, L2, and L4.
Updated On: Jul 23, 2026
- (A), (B) and (C) only.
- (B), (C) and (D) only.
- (A), (C) and (D) only.
- (A), (B) and (D) only.
Show Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Paravertebral anesthesia is used in standing cattle to desensitize the flank for laparotomy procedures (such as a Caesarean section or rumenotomy).
It involves blocking the dorsal and ventral branches of the last thoracic ($T_{13}$) and first two lumbar ($L_1$ and $L_2$) spinal nerves, which provide sensory innervation to the flank wall.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
There are two main techniques for paravertebral anesthesia: proximal (Cambridge) and distal (Cornell) paravertebral blocks.
- In the distal paravertebral block technique, the anesthetic agent is deposited near the distal tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, where the nerves emerge and run laterally:
1. The thirteenth thoracic nerve ($T_{13}$) runs caudal to the 13th rib and is blocked at the tip of the transverse process of the first lumbar vertebra ($L_1$) (Statement A).
2. The first lumbar nerve ($L_1$) runs laterally and is blocked at the tip of the transverse process of the second lumbar vertebra ($L_2$) (Statement B).
3. The second lumbar nerve ($L_2$) runs more obliquely caudolateral and is blocked at the tip of the transverse process of the fourth lumbar vertebra ($L_4$) (Statement D).
- The transverse process of the third lumbar vertebra ($L_3$, Statement C) is bypassed because of the caudal course of the $L_2$ nerve, which skips $L_3$ to run closer to the tip of $L_4$.
Therefore, the transverse processes utilized as landmarks for nerve blockade are those of the first ($L_1$), second ($L_2$), and fourth ($L_4$) lumbar vertebrae.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (D), representing (A), (B) and (D) only.
Paravertebral anesthesia is used in standing cattle to desensitize the flank for laparotomy procedures (such as a Caesarean section or rumenotomy).
It involves blocking the dorsal and ventral branches of the last thoracic ($T_{13}$) and first two lumbar ($L_1$ and $L_2$) spinal nerves, which provide sensory innervation to the flank wall.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
There are two main techniques for paravertebral anesthesia: proximal (Cambridge) and distal (Cornell) paravertebral blocks.
- In the distal paravertebral block technique, the anesthetic agent is deposited near the distal tips of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, where the nerves emerge and run laterally:
1. The thirteenth thoracic nerve ($T_{13}$) runs caudal to the 13th rib and is blocked at the tip of the transverse process of the first lumbar vertebra ($L_1$) (Statement A).
2. The first lumbar nerve ($L_1$) runs laterally and is blocked at the tip of the transverse process of the second lumbar vertebra ($L_2$) (Statement B).
3. The second lumbar nerve ($L_2$) runs more obliquely caudolateral and is blocked at the tip of the transverse process of the fourth lumbar vertebra ($L_4$) (Statement D).
- The transverse process of the third lumbar vertebra ($L_3$, Statement C) is bypassed because of the caudal course of the $L_2$ nerve, which skips $L_3$ to run closer to the tip of $L_4$.
Therefore, the transverse processes utilized as landmarks for nerve blockade are those of the first ($L_1$), second ($L_2$), and fourth ($L_4$) lumbar vertebrae.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The correct option is (D), representing (A), (B) and (D) only.
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