Question

Describe any three consequences of the Chinese invasion of India in 1962.

Hint:

Think of the effect on the image of India, on politics at home, and on defence and relations with China.

Answer 1

Step 1: Understanding the question:
China attacked India in October 1962 and declared a ceasefire after about a month. India lost the war.
We have to describe three consequences of this invasion. Each is worth 2 marks.

Step 2: Consequence 1: Blow to national prestige:
The defeat hurt the image of India at home and abroad. India had expected friendship from China and was shocked by the attack.
The war showed that the country was not ready in defence matters, and the stature of Jawaharlal Nehru suffered. Many people blamed his policy.

Step 3: Consequence 2: Effect on politics:
The opposition became stronger. The Congress lost some by-elections in 1963.
For the first time a no-confidence motion was moved against the Nehru Government in the Lok Sabha. The Communist Party also split in 1964 on the issue of attitude towards China.

Step 4: Consequence 3: Defence and foreign relations:
India increased its defence spending and began to modernise and expand its armed forces.
Relations with China stayed strained for a long time. Full diplomatic ties were restored only in 1976.

Final Answer:
The invasion hurt Indian prestige and the image of Nehru, strengthened the opposition and split the Communist Party, and forced India to build up its defence while relations with China stayed cold for years.