Define population and community.
Solution and Explanation
Population:
A population can be defined as a group of individuals of the same species residing in a particular geographical area at a particular time and functioning as a unit. For example all human beings living at a particular place at a particular time constitute the population of humans.
Community:
A community is defined as a group of individuals of different species living within a certain geographical area. Such individuals can be similar or dissimilar but cannot reproduce with the members of other species.
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In nature, we rarely find isolated, single individuals of any species; majority of them live in groups in a well-defined geographical area, share or compete for similar resources, potentially interbreed and thus constitute a population. The population has certain attributes whereas, an individual organism does not. A population at a given time is composed of individuals of different ages. The size of the population tells us a lot about its status in the habitat. Whatever ecological processes we wish to investigate in a population, be it the outcome of competition with another species, the impact of the predator or the effect of pesticide application, we always evaluate in terms of any change in the population size. The size, in nature, could be low or go into millions. Population size, technically called population density (N) need not necessarily be measured in numbers only. The size of a population for any species is not a static parameter. It keeps on changing with time depending on various factors including food availability, predation pressure and adverse weather. (a) The Monarch butterfly is highly distasteful to its predator because of a special chemical present in its body. How does the butterfly acquire this chemical?
(b) If population density at a time t + 1 is 800, Emigration = 100, Immigration = 200, Natality = 200 and Mortality = 150, calculate the population density at time t and comment upon the type of age pyramid that will be formed in this case.
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(c) What is the difference in a method of measuring population density in an area if there are 200 carrot grass plants to only single huge banyan tree?
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Concepts Used:
Organisms and Populations
Organisms:
An attached living system that lives in an environment is commonly known as an organism. These organisms are able to retain certain behaviors and structures. Some examples of organisms are plants, animals, bacteria, fungi, and humans. A group of these organisms leads to the formation of a population. The collection of the population forms a community that assists in the operation of ecosystems.
Each and every organism has the ability to adapt itself to various conditions of the environment. This capacity of organisms is due to their genetic variations. It is due to this only that their probability of survival get increases. For instance, camels adapt themselves to survive in desert areas and polar bears adapt to the extreme cold conditions or situations through their dense fur coat.
Populations:
A collection of organisms or individuals of a species that live, at a specific time, in a geographical area that is well-defined and capable of interbreeding is described as a population.
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