Step 1: Strong defensive structure. The city of Vijayanagara was surrounded by massive stone walls and strong fortifications, making it one of the most secure cities in medieval India.
Step 2: Multiple layers of protection. There were multiple concentric fort walls with gates, watchtowers, and bastions, providing layered security against enemy attacks.
Step 3: Use of natural features. Natural features like hills, rivers, and rocky terrain were strategically used to strengthen the defence system and make invasion difficult.
Step 4: Guarded gateways and roads. The entrances were heavily guarded with strong gates and checkpoints. Roads inside the fort were well planned for movement of troops.
Step 5: Evidence from travellers. Foreign travellers like Nicolo Conti and Domingo Paes described the fortifications as grand and nearly impregnable, highlighting its strength and planning.
