• The question asks which type of balance is created by arranging identical elements, equal in shape and size, in matching positions about a common axis. Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
• In formal (symmetrical) balance, identical or equal elements are placed at equal distances on either side of a central axis, so one side mirrors the other.
• Informal balance uses unlike elements that appear equal in visual weight, so it does not fit.
• Radial balance arranges elements around a central point and occult balance depends on the viewer's feeling of balance without symmetry, so neither is a match. Step 3: Final Answer: The correct option is (B) Formal Balance.