Question

Arrange the following Nayas (viewpoints) in the sequence given in the Tattvartha Sutra:
A. Naigama
B. Vyavahara
C. Rijusutra
D. Sangraha
E. Shabda

• A. A, D, B, C, E
• B. A, D, B, E, C
• C. A, B, E, D, C
  (4) A, C, D, B, E
• D.

Hint:

Remember the first letters: N-S-V-R-S (Naigama, Sangraha, Vyavahara, Rijusutra, Shabda). The order moves from the most general to the most specific linguistic point of view.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is A

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Naya is a technique of gaining knowledge from a particular point of view. It is one of the two means of knowledge (along with Pramana) in Jainism. Acharya Umaswati lists seven Nayas in the Tattvartha Sutra.

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The Tattvartha Sutra (Chapter 1, Sutra 33) lists the Nayas as:
1. Naigama (A): The non-distinguished or figurative viewpoint.
2. Sangraha (D): The collective or generic viewpoint.
3. Vyavahara (B): The practical or distributive viewpoint.
4. Rijusutra (C): The linear or straight-thread viewpoint (focusing on the present moment).
5. Shabda (E): The verbal viewpoint (meaning through words).
6. Samabhiruda (Not in list): The conventional viewpoint.
7. Evambhuta (Not in list): The specific or literal viewpoint.
The sequence followed in the text is Naigama $\rightarrow$ Sangraha $\rightarrow$ Vyavahara $\rightarrow$ Rijusutra $\rightarrow$ Shabda. This corresponds to the sequence A $\rightarrow$ D $\rightarrow$ B $\rightarrow$ C $\rightarrow$ E.

Step 3: Final Answer:
The sequence as per the scripture is Naigama, Sangraha, Vyavahara, Rijusutra, and Shabda.