Question

According to Jain Philosophy, what is the number of space-points (Pradeshas) in the Space (Akasha) substance?

• A. One (Ekah)
• B. Countable (Sankhyatah)
• C. Uncountable (Asankhyatah)
• D. Infinite (Anantah)

Hint:

Remember this hierarchy of Pradeshas:
Soul, Dharma, Adharma = Uncountable (Asankhyata).
Matter (Pudgala) = Countable, Uncountable, or Infinite.
Space (Akasha) = Always Infinite (Ananta).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
In Jain metaphysics, every substance (Dravya) is analyzed based on its extent and the number of indivisible units of space it occupies. This indivisible unit is known as a "Pradesha". The quantification of these points is vital to understanding the size and reach of each substance. While most substances exist only within the habitable universe (Lokakasha), the substance of Space (Akasha) is unique because it is the infinite container of everything, extending into the boundless void (Alokakasha).

Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
The Jain doctrine of space is highly sophisticated. According to the Tattvartha Sutra (Chapter 5, Sutra 8-12), substances are categorized as "Astikayas" (those having spatial extension), with the exception of Time (Kala). Each soul (Jiva) and the substances of motion (Dharma) and rest (Adharma) consist of an "uncountable" (Asankhyata) number of Pradeshas. This is because they are limited by the boundaries of the Lokakasha.
However, the substance of Akasha (Space) is fundamentally different. It is divided into two parts:
1. Lokakasha: The space where the other five substances reside. This portion alone consists of "Asankhyata" points, matching the size of the Dharmastikaya.
2. Alokakasha: The pure void that surrounds the Loka. It is infinitely extended in all directions.
Because the Alokakasha has no end, the total number of Pradeshas in the entirety of Space is categorized as Ananta (Infinite). This is the highest level of numerical infinity in Jain mathematics.
Consider the comparison: A single soul (Jiva) is limited, though it contains uncountable points. The medium of motion (Dharma) is limited to the universe. Only Space is "Anantapradeshi". This infinity allows for the existence of infinite souls and infinite cycles of time. Without an infinite Akasha, the Jain concept of an eternal universe without beginning or end would be logically inconsistent. The "Anantah" nature of space points is what makes Akasha the ultimate "Adhara" (support) for all other "Adheya" (supported) substances. It is described as being self-supported (Sva-pratishthita) because there is nothing outside of it to support it.

Step 3: Final Answer:
Space is the only substance that encompasses both the habitable universe and the infinite void beyond, thus it possesses an infinite (Ananta) number of Pradeshas.