Question:
Answer the following questions:
1. State what do you understand by “MALT”? Where is it located inside our body?
2. Explain cytokine barriers.
3. Name the diagnostic test for AIDS. On what principle does it work?
4. Bone marrow and thymus play an important role in human immune system. Explain how are they able to achieve this.
Answer the following questions:
1. State what do you understand by “MALT”? Where is it located inside our body?
2. Explain cytokine barriers.
3. Name the diagnostic test for AIDS. On what principle does it work?
4. Bone marrow and thymus play an important role in human immune system. Explain how are they able to achieve this.
Show Hint
Interferons and cytokines are key natural defense mechanisms against viral infections. Also, microbes provide a wide range of bioactive compounds used in medical and industrial applications.
Updated On: Jan 14, 2026
Show Solution
Verified By Collegedunia
Solution and Explanation
Step 1 (A):
(A) MALT (Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue) is a component of the immune system found in mucosal linings such as the respiratory tract, gut, and urogenital tract. It provides localized immunity at the mucosal surfaces.
(B) Cytokine barriers refer to proteins like interferons secreted by virus-infected cells that protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.
(C) The diagnostic test for AIDS is the ELISA test. It works on the principle of antigen-antibody interaction, detecting HIV antibodies in the blood.
(D) Bone marrow produces lymphocytes while the thymus is where T-lymphocytes mature. Together, they generate a functional immune system capable of defending the body.
Was this answer helpful?
0
0
Top CBSE CLASS XII Biology Questions
- All algae have
- With a neat, labelled diagram, describe the parts of a typical angiosperm ovule.
- With a neat diagram explain the 7-celled, 8-nucleate nature of the female gametophyte
- Draw a labeled diagram of male reproductive system.
- Draw a labeled diagram of female reproductive system.
View More Questions
Top CBSE CLASS XII Microbes in human welfare Questions
- Bacteria cannot be seen with the nacked eyes but these can be seen with the help of a microscope. If you have to carry a sample from your home to your biology laboratory to demonstrate the presence have microbes under a microscope which sample would you carry and why?
- Give examples to prove that microbes release gases during metabolism.
- In which food would you find lactic acid bacteria? Mention some of their useful applications.
- Name some traditional Indian foods made of wheat rice and bengal gram (or their products) which involve use of microbes.
- In which way have microbes played a major role in controlling diseases caused by harmful bacteria?
View More Questions
Top CBSE CLASS XII Questions
- 2, b, c are in A.P. and the range of determinant $\begin{vmatrix}1&1&1\\ 2&b&c\\ 4&b^{2}&c^{2}\end{vmatrix}$ is [2, 16]. Then find range of c is
- A boy of mass 50 kg is standing at one end of a, boat of length 9 m and mass 400 kg. He runs to the other, end. The distance through which the centre of mass of the boat boy system moves is
- A capillary tube of radius r is dipped inside a large vessel of water. The mass of water raised above water level is M. If the radius of capillary is doubled, the mass of water inside capillary will be
- A circular disc is rotating about its own axis. An external opposing torque 0.02 Nm is applied on the disc by which it comes rest in 5 seconds. The initial angular momentum of disc is
- A circular disc is rotating about its own axis at uniform angular velocity \(\omega.\) The disc is subjected to uniform angular retardation by which its angular velocity is decreased to \(\frac {\omega}{2}\) during 120 rotations. The number of rotations further made by it before coming to rest is
View More Questions