Question

Analyse the changing pattern of export composition in India between 2009 to 2017.

Hint:

Remember: India went from selling mostly raw farm goods to selling refined oil, engineering machinery, and manufactured items.

Answer 1

Step 1: Concept
International trade and India's economic integration.

Step 2: Meaning
Analyzing the shifts in the categories and types of goods India sold to other countries over this specific decade, which reflects the country's industrial and economic maturation.

Step 3: Analysis

• Decline in Primary Goods: The share of agriculture and allied products in total exports registered a relative decline, reflecting a shift away from a primary-sector-dominated economy.
• Rise of Manufactured Goods: The export of manufactured goods saw a steady and significant increase, showcasing India's growing industrial and manufacturing capabilities.
• Engineering Goods: Engineering goods emerged as a major export category, reflecting advancements in domestic technology, heavy industries, and skilled labor.
• Petroleum Products: Despite importing crude oil, refined petroleum products became a massive export item due to the massive expansion of domestic oil refining capacities (like those in Jamnagar).
• Gems and Jewellery: The export of gems and jewellery remained consistently strong, capitalizing on India's highly skilled artisanal labor force.

Step 4: Conclusion
Between 2009 and 2017, India's export basket matured significantly, shifting from primarily agricultural goods to a diverse mix heavily featuring manufactured items, engineering goods, and refined petroleum.