Question:
With the help of a ray diagram, describe the construction and working of a compound microscope.
With the help of a ray diagram, describe the construction and working of a compound microscope.
Updated On: Jul 2, 2026
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Solution and Explanation
Compound Microscope
Construction
A compound microscope consists of two convex lenses mounted coaxially in a tube.
• The lens near the object is called the objective.
• The lens near the eye is called the eyepiece.
• The objective has very small focal length and small aperture.
• The eyepiece has comparatively larger focal length. Ray Diagram
Step 1: Formation of intermediate image The object is placed just beyond the focal length of the objective. The objective forms a real, inverted and magnified image inside the tube. This image acts as the object for the eyepiece.
Step 2: Action of the eyepiece The intermediate image is placed within the focal length of the eyepiece. The eyepiece acts as a simple microscope. It forms a highly magnified virtual image.
Step 3: Final image The final image produced is
• virtual,
• highly magnified,
• inverted with respect to the original object. Thus a compound microscope provides very large magnification by combining the magnifying effects of two convex lenses.
• The lens near the object is called the objective.
• The lens near the eye is called the eyepiece.
• The objective has very small focal length and small aperture.
• The eyepiece has comparatively larger focal length. Ray Diagram
Step 1: Formation of intermediate image The object is placed just beyond the focal length of the objective. The objective forms a real, inverted and magnified image inside the tube. This image acts as the object for the eyepiece.
Step 2: Action of the eyepiece The intermediate image is placed within the focal length of the eyepiece. The eyepiece acts as a simple microscope. It forms a highly magnified virtual image.
Step 3: Final image The final image produced is
• virtual,
• highly magnified,
• inverted with respect to the original object. Thus a compound microscope provides very large magnification by combining the magnifying effects of two convex lenses.
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