Step 1: Understanding the Concept
Typhoid is an enteric fever caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi.
Step 2: The Widal test
The patient's serum is mixed with Salmonella antigens.
Visible clumping (agglutination) shows that antibodies are present, confirming typhoid.
Step 3: Why the other options fail
AIDS is tested by ELISA, malaria by blood smear and pneumonia by other methods such as chest X-ray.
Final Answer:
The Widal test diagnoses typhoid.
\[ \boxed{\text{(C) }\text{Typhoid}} \]