Question:
While passing through the applied magnetic field, which of the following undergoes the maximum deflection?
While passing through the applied magnetic field, which of the following undergoes the maximum deflection?
Show Hint
In electric and magnetic fields:
\[
\beta\text{-particles}
\]
show the maximum deflection because they have a very small mass and a finite charge. \(\gamma\)-rays and neutrons are neutral and hence remain undeflected.
Updated On: Jun 18, 2026
- Stream of \(\alpha\)-particles
- Stream of \(\beta\)-particles
- \(\gamma\)-rays
- Stream of neutrons
Show Solution
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The Correct Option is B
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Recall the magnetic force on a charged particle.
When a charged particle moves through a magnetic field, it experiences a force \[ F=qvB\sin\theta \] where \(q\) is the charge of the particle.
The resulting circular motion has radius \[ r=\frac{mv}{qB}. \] A smaller radius corresponds to a greater deflection.
Step 2: Compare \(\alpha\)-particles and \(\beta\)-particles.
An \(\alpha\)-particle has \[ q=+2e \] but its mass is approximately \[ 4\,\text{u}, \] which is very large.
A \(\beta\)-particle is an electron having \[ q=-e \] and an extremely small mass \[ m_e. \] Since \[ r=\frac{mv}{qB}, \] the much smaller mass of the \(\beta\)-particle makes its radius of curvature much smaller than that of the \(\alpha\)-particle. Hence it undergoes a much larger deflection.
Step 3: Consider \(\gamma\)-rays and neutrons.
\(\gamma\)-rays are electromagnetic waves and carry no charge.
Neutrons are electrically neutral particles.
Therefore, \[ q=0 \] for both, so they are not deflected by a magnetic field.
Step 4: Final conclusion.
Among the given options, the maximum deflection is shown by the stream of \(\beta\)-particles. \[ \boxed{\text{Stream of }\beta\text{-particles}} \] Hence, the correct option is \[ \boxed{(2)}. \]
When a charged particle moves through a magnetic field, it experiences a force \[ F=qvB\sin\theta \] where \(q\) is the charge of the particle.
The resulting circular motion has radius \[ r=\frac{mv}{qB}. \] A smaller radius corresponds to a greater deflection.
Step 2: Compare \(\alpha\)-particles and \(\beta\)-particles.
An \(\alpha\)-particle has \[ q=+2e \] but its mass is approximately \[ 4\,\text{u}, \] which is very large.
A \(\beta\)-particle is an electron having \[ q=-e \] and an extremely small mass \[ m_e. \] Since \[ r=\frac{mv}{qB}, \] the much smaller mass of the \(\beta\)-particle makes its radius of curvature much smaller than that of the \(\alpha\)-particle. Hence it undergoes a much larger deflection.
Step 3: Consider \(\gamma\)-rays and neutrons.
\(\gamma\)-rays are electromagnetic waves and carry no charge.
Neutrons are electrically neutral particles.
Therefore, \[ q=0 \] for both, so they are not deflected by a magnetic field.
Step 4: Final conclusion.
Among the given options, the maximum deflection is shown by the stream of \(\beta\)-particles. \[ \boxed{\text{Stream of }\beta\text{-particles}} \] Hence, the correct option is \[ \boxed{(2)}. \]
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