Question

Which treatment is specifically used to remove undesirable microbes from milk?

• A. Sterilization
• B. Pasteurization
• C. Homogenization
• D. Fermentation

Hint:

Pasteurization = Heat treatment to kill harmful microbes in milk while preserving quality.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept: Milk is highly susceptible to microbial contamination. To ensure safety and extend shelf life, specific heat treatments are applied to destroy harmful microorganisms without significantly affecting nutritional quality.
Step 1: Understanding Pasteurization.
Pasteurization is a controlled heat treatment process in which milk is heated to a specific temperature for a defined time and then rapidly cooled.
Step 2: Purpose of Pasteurization.

• Destroys pathogenic (disease-causing) microorganisms
• Reduces total microbial load
• Preserves taste and nutritional value

Step 3: Types of Pasteurization.

• LTLT (Low Temperature Long Time): 63°C for 30 minutes
• HTST (High Temperature Short Time): 72°C for 15 seconds

Step 4: Eliminating other options.

• Sterilization: Destroys all microorganisms but affects taste and nutrients
• Homogenization: Breaks fat globules, not related to microbes
• Fermentation: Uses microbes intentionally (e.g., curd)

Step 5: Conclusion.
Thus, pasteurization is the treatment used to remove undesirable microbes from milk.