Which one of the following reactions involves change from sp2 to sp3 hybridisation of the central atom?
- CH4 + 2CI2 → CH2CI2 + 2HCI
- NH3 + H+ → NH4+
- AICI3 + CI- → AICI4-
- H20 + H+ → H3O+
- PCI3 + CI2 → PCI5
The Correct Option is C
Approach Solution - 1
In the reaction \( \text{AlCl}_3 + \text{Cl}^- \rightarrow \text{AlCl}_4^- \), the central atom in \( \text{AlCl}_3 \) is aluminum, which initially has an \( sp^2 \) hybridisation because it forms three bonds with chlorine atoms. When a chloride ion \( \text{Cl}^- \) attacks the aluminum atom, the aluminum atom undergoes a change in hybridisation to \( sp^3 \) to accommodate the additional bond with the chloride ion.
Thus, the reaction that involves a change from \( sp^2 \) to \( sp^3 \) hybridisation of the central atom.
The correct option is (C) : \(AICI_3 + CI^- → AICI_4^-\)
Approach Solution -2
We are looking for the reaction where the central atom undergoes a change in hybridization from sp2 to sp3. Let’s analyze the options:
- CH4 + 2Cl2 → CH2Cl2 + 2HCl
Carbon is sp3 hybridized both before and after → ❌ - NH3 + H+ → NH4+
Nitrogen is sp3 before and after (no change in hybridization) → ❌ - AlCl3 + Cl- → AlCl4-
In AlCl3, Al is sp2 (trigonal planar); in AlCl4-, Al is sp3 (tetrahedral) → ✅ - H2O + H+ → H3O+
Oxygen remains sp3 in both → ❌ - PCl3 + Cl2 → PCl5
Phosphorus changes from sp3 to sp3d → not sp2 to sp3 → ❌
Correct Answer: AlCl3 + Cl- → AlCl4-
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