Question

Which one of the following is a result of antagonistic coevolution?

• A. Convergent evolution of bird wings and bat wings
• B. Adaptive radiation of beak shape in Darwin’s finches
• C. Caterpillars that feed on chemically-defended host plants
• D. Specialised morphology of orchid flowers for pollination

Hint:

To identify examples of antagonistic coevolution:
1. Look for relationships involving conflict, such as predator-prey, host-parasite, or plant-herbivore interactions.
2. Mutualistic interactions (e.g., pollination) are not antagonistic.
3. Evolutionary arms races often characterize antagonistic coevolution.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is C

Step 1: Define antagonistic coevolution.
Antagonistic coevolution occurs when two species interact in ways that impose reciprocal selective pressures on each other. It often involves a predator-prey or host-parasite relationship, where each species evolves adaptations and counter-adaptations over time. Step 2: Analyze the options. Option (A): Incorrect. The convergent evolution of bird wings and bat wings is an example of unrelated species evolving similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, not antagonistic coevolution. Option (B): Incorrect. Adaptive radiation in Darwin’s finches involves diversification of beak shapes to exploit different ecological niches, unrelated to antagonistic interactions. Option (C): Correct. Caterpillars feeding on chemically-defended host plants is an example of antagonistic coevolution. The plants evolve chemical defenses to deter herbivores, while caterpillars evolve counter-adaptations to tolerate or detoxify these chemicals. Option (D): Incorrect. The specialised morphology of orchid flowers for pollination is an example of mutualistic coevolution, where both species benefit from the interaction.