Question

Which of the following statements are correct about concepts in Research?
A. Literal replication involves the exact duplication of a previous analysis.
B. The nominal level of measurement is the strongest form of measurement.
C. External validity refers to how will the results of a study can be generalized across populations, settings and tim
E.
D. The process of examining every member in a population is called census.
E. A discrete variable can be divided into sub-parts.

• A. A, B, C Only
• B. B, C, D Only
• C. A, D, E Only
• D. A, C, D Only

Hint:

Remember that nominal level of measurement is the weakest, not the strongest, in terms of data categorization.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Step 1: Concept
Literal replication, nominal level of measurement, external validity, census, and discrete variables are key concepts in research methodology.

Step 2: Meaning
Literal replication involves exactly duplicating a previous study's methods to verify results. The nominal level of measurement categorizes data into mutually exclusive categories without any order or structure. External validity concerns the extent to which findings can be generalized beyond the sample used in the study. A census examines every member of a population, providing complete data. Discrete variables are countable and cannot be divided into smaller parts.

Step 3: Analysis
Let's analyze each statement: A. Literal replication involves the exact duplication of a previous analysis. This is correct. Literal replication means replicating all aspects of a study to verify results, including methods, procedures, and data collection techniques. B. The nominal level of measurement is the strongest form of measurement. This is incorrect. Nominal level is actually the weakest form of measurement as it only categorizes data without any quantitative value or order. C. External validity refers to how will the results of a study can be generalized across populations, settings and time. This statement is correct. External validity assesses whether findings from a study can be applied to other contexts beyond the specific sample used in the research. D. The process of examining every member in a population is called census. This is correct. A census involves surveying or measuring all members of a defined population, providing comprehensive data. E. A discrete variable can be divided into sub-parts. This statement is incorrect. Discrete variables are countable and indivisible; they cannot be broken down into smaller parts.

Step 4: Conclusion
The correct statements are A (Literal replication), C (External validity), and D (Census). Final Answer: (D)