Question:
Which of the following is used for the hormonal testing of sub-fertile and infertile stallions?
(A). Serum FSH, LH, Estradiol, Testosterone and Inhibin levels
(B). Single-phase GnRH challenge
(C). hCG stimulation test
(D). Progestagen treatment test
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which of the following is used for the hormonal testing of sub-fertile and infertile stallions?
(A). Serum FSH, LH, Estradiol, Testosterone and Inhibin levels
(B). Single-phase GnRH challenge
(C). hCG stimulation test
(D). Progestagen treatment test
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A). Serum FSH, LH, Estradiol, Testosterone and Inhibin levels
(B). Single-phase GnRH challenge
(C). hCG stimulation test
(D). Progestagen treatment test
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
The hCG stimulation test is highly reliable: in a castrated gelding, there will be no increase in testosterone after hCG, whereas a cryptorchid stallion with retained abdominal testes will show a significant spike in testosterone.
Updated On: Jul 14, 2026
- (A), (B) and (C) only.
- (B) (C) and (D) only.
- (A), (C) and (D) only.
- (A), (B), and (D) only.
Show Solution
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Hormonal testing in the stallion is indicated to diagnose causes of infertility, subfertility, cryptorchidism, or testicular degeneration.
It involves evaluating the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us evaluate each hormonal testing option:
- (A) Serum hormone levels: Measuring baseline levels of FSH, LH, Testosterone, Estradiol (or Estrone Sulfate), and Inhibin provides a comprehensive assessment of testicular function. Inhibin and FSH levels are particularly useful for assessing Sertoli cell function and spermatogenesis. (Correct)
- (B) GnRH challenge test: This dynamic test involves administering GnRH and measuring subsequent LH and FSH release. It evaluates the pituitary gland's secretory capacity and reserves. (Correct)
- (C) hCG stimulation test: hCG acts like LH. Administering hCG and measuring plasma testosterone levels 1-2 hours later evaluates Leydig cell responsiveness. It is the gold standard test to confirm the presence of testicular tissue (cryptorchidism vs gelding) or Leydig cell dysfunction. (Correct)
- (D) Progestagen treatment test: Progestagens (like altrenogest) are used in mares to suppress estrus or maintain pregnancy. They are not used as a diagnostic hormonal test for stallion fertility.
Therefore, (A), (B), and (C) are the correct dynamic and static tests used.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The tests used are (A), (B), and (C) only, corresponding to option (A).
Hormonal testing in the stallion is indicated to diagnose causes of infertility, subfertility, cryptorchidism, or testicular degeneration.
It involves evaluating the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular (HPT) axis.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us evaluate each hormonal testing option:
- (A) Serum hormone levels: Measuring baseline levels of FSH, LH, Testosterone, Estradiol (or Estrone Sulfate), and Inhibin provides a comprehensive assessment of testicular function. Inhibin and FSH levels are particularly useful for assessing Sertoli cell function and spermatogenesis. (Correct)
- (B) GnRH challenge test: This dynamic test involves administering GnRH and measuring subsequent LH and FSH release. It evaluates the pituitary gland's secretory capacity and reserves. (Correct)
- (C) hCG stimulation test: hCG acts like LH. Administering hCG and measuring plasma testosterone levels 1-2 hours later evaluates Leydig cell responsiveness. It is the gold standard test to confirm the presence of testicular tissue (cryptorchidism vs gelding) or Leydig cell dysfunction. (Correct)
- (D) Progestagen treatment test: Progestagens (like altrenogest) are used in mares to suppress estrus or maintain pregnancy. They are not used as a diagnostic hormonal test for stallion fertility.
Therefore, (A), (B), and (C) are the correct dynamic and static tests used.
Step 3: Final Answer:
The tests used are (A), (B), and (C) only, corresponding to option (A).
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