Question

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

• A. Alzheimer's disease
• B. Cystic fibrosis
• C. Sickle cell anemia
• D. Rheumatoid arthritis

Hint:

Important autoimmune diseases: Rheumatoid arthritis, Myasthenia gravis, Multiple sclerosis, Type-1 diabetes, and Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Answer 1

The Correct Option is D

Concept: Autoimmune diseases occur when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, or organs. Normally, the immune system distinguishes self from non-self, but in autoimmune disorders this recognition mechanism fails.

Step 1: Analyze each option. Alzheimer's disease Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting the brain and memory. It is not classified as an autoimmune disease. Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis is an inherited genetic disorder caused by mutations in the CFTR gene. Therefore, it is not autoimmune. Sickle Cell Anemia Sickle cell anemia is a hereditary genetic disorder caused by mutation in the gene coding for the \(\beta\)-globin chain of hemoglobin. It is not autoimmune. Rheumatoid Arthritis In rheumatoid arthritis, the immune system attacks the synovial membranes of joints, causing inflammation, pain, and joint deformity. This is a classic autoimmune disease.

Step 2: Identify the correct option. Only rheumatoid arthritis is autoimmune in nature. \[ \boxed{\text{Rheumatoid Arthritis}} \] Hence, the correct answer is \[ \boxed{(4)\ \text{Rheumatoid Arthritis}} \]