Question:
Which of the following effects is not observed with systemic administration of acepromazine in horses?
Which of the following effects is not observed with systemic administration of acepromazine in horses?
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When assessing the safety profile of acepromazine in horses:
Remember that while it is an excellent tranquilizer with minimal respiratory depressant properties, its potent vasodilatory action makes it strictly contraindicated in hypovolemic or shocked animals.
Remember that while it is an excellent tranquilizer with minimal respiratory depressant properties, its potent vasodilatory action makes it strictly contraindicated in hypovolemic or shocked animals.
Updated On: Aug 3, 2026
- Anxiolysis
- Hypotension
- Priapism
- Reduction in respiratory tidal volume
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Acepromazine maleate is a phenothiazine derivative widely used in equine veterinary medicine as a sedative, tranquilizer, and pre-anesthetic agent.
It exerts its primary effects via central dopaminergic receptor (\(\text{D}_2\)) blockade, alongside significant peripheral alpha-1 (\(\alpha_1\)) adrenergic antagonism.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the systemic effects of acepromazine in horses:
- Anxiolysis (A): Central dopaminergic antagonism leads to mild to moderate tranquilization and anxiolysis, facilitating handling and reducing stress.
- Hypotension (B): Peripheral \(\alpha_1\)-adrenergic blockade causes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation.
This results in a dose-dependent decrease in systemic vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure (hypotension).
- Priapism (C): The \(\alpha_1\)-adrenergic blockade in the penile vasculature can cause prolonged engorgement and paralysis of the retractor penis muscle.
In stallions and geldings, this can lead to paraphimosis or persistent priapism, which is a well-known, potentially serious adverse effect.
- Respiratory Effects (D): At clinical doses, acepromazine has remarkably minimal respiratory depressant effects.
While it may cause a slight decrease in respiratory rate, it does not significantly reduce the respiratory tidal volume.
This distinguishes it from other classes of sedatives or anesthetics (such as opioids or inhalation agents) which cause profound respiratory depression.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Therefore, a reduction in respiratory tidal volume is not observed with systemic administration of acepromazine.
Acepromazine maleate is a phenothiazine derivative widely used in equine veterinary medicine as a sedative, tranquilizer, and pre-anesthetic agent.
It exerts its primary effects via central dopaminergic receptor (\(\text{D}_2\)) blockade, alongside significant peripheral alpha-1 (\(\alpha_1\)) adrenergic antagonism.
Step 2: Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the systemic effects of acepromazine in horses:
- Anxiolysis (A): Central dopaminergic antagonism leads to mild to moderate tranquilization and anxiolysis, facilitating handling and reducing stress.
- Hypotension (B): Peripheral \(\alpha_1\)-adrenergic blockade causes relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, leading to vasodilation.
This results in a dose-dependent decrease in systemic vascular resistance and arterial blood pressure (hypotension).
- Priapism (C): The \(\alpha_1\)-adrenergic blockade in the penile vasculature can cause prolonged engorgement and paralysis of the retractor penis muscle.
In stallions and geldings, this can lead to paraphimosis or persistent priapism, which is a well-known, potentially serious adverse effect.
- Respiratory Effects (D): At clinical doses, acepromazine has remarkably minimal respiratory depressant effects.
While it may cause a slight decrease in respiratory rate, it does not significantly reduce the respiratory tidal volume.
This distinguishes it from other classes of sedatives or anesthetics (such as opioids or inhalation agents) which cause profound respiratory depression.
Step 3: Final Answer:
Therefore, a reduction in respiratory tidal volume is not observed with systemic administration of acepromazine.
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