Question

Which developmental psychologist emphasized the ``Zone of Proximal Development''?

• A. Jean Piaget
• B. Lev Vygotsky
• C. Sigmund Freud
• D. Erik Erikson

Hint:

{Vygotsky's ZPD} highlights that effective learning happens when tasks are slightly beyond the learner's current ability but achievable with guidance.

Answer 1

The Correct Option is B

Concept: The Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is an important concept in educational psychology introduced by Lev Vygotsky, a Russian developmental psychologist. The concept describes the difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can achieve with guidance or support from a more knowledgeable person such as a teacher, parent, or peer.
Step 1: Define the Zone of Proximal Development.
The Zone of Proximal Development refers to the range of tasks that a learner cannot yet perform alone but can accomplish with assistance. \[ \text{ZPD} = \text{Potential Development} - \text{Actual Development} \]
Step 2: Role of guidance and scaffolding.
Within the ZPD, learning occurs through scaffolding, where support is gradually reduced as the learner gains competence. Examples include:

• Teacher guidance during problem solving
• Peer collaboration
• Step-by-step instructional support

Step 3: Conclusion.
Since the concept of the Zone of Proximal Development was proposed by Lev Vygotsky, the correct answer is: \[ \text{Lev Vygotsky} \]