Question:

Which are included in pramana-chatushtaya? A. Pratyaksha
B. Anumana
C. Prameya
D. Pramata
E. Pramiti

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Pratyaksha and Anumana are the most fundamental means of valid knowledge in Indian philosophy.
Updated On: May 28, 2026
  • A and B Only
  • B and C Only
  • C and D Only
  • D and E Only
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The Correct Option is A

Solution and Explanation

Step 1: Pramana-chatushtaya refers to the fourfold framework related to valid knowledge.
Step 2: The important epistemological concepts include: \[ \text{Pramata, Pramana, Prameya, and Pramiti} \]
Step 3: Pratyaksha (perception) and Anumana (inference) are types of Pramana.
Step 4: Hence, among the given options, the included Pramanas are: \[ \boxed{\text{(1) A and B Only}} \]
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