Question:
Which among the following is predominantly a non-dualistic philosophical system?
Which among the following is predominantly a non-dualistic philosophical system?
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Kāśmir Śaivism teaches that the individual self is fundamentally identical with Śiva, the supreme consciousness.
Updated On: Dec 24, 2025
- Kāśmir Śaivism
- Śaiva-siddhānta
- Vīra-śaivism
- Vaiṣṇavism
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The Correct Option is A
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding non-dualism.
Non-dualism (advaita) holds that ultimate reality is one, without a fundamental distinction between the divine and the individual self.
Step 2: Analysis of the options.
(A) Kāśmir Śaivism is explicitly non-dualistic, asserting the identity of Śiva (ultimate reality) and the individual consciousness.
(B) Śaiva-siddhānta is dualistic or qualified-dualistic, maintaining a distinction between God and the soul.
(C) Vīra-śaivism emphasizes devotion and ethical practice, not strict non-dual metaphysics.
(D) Vaiṣṇavism generally upholds a dualistic or qualified-dualistic view.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Among the given options, Kāśmir Śaivism alone is predominantly non-dualistic.
Final Answer: (A) Kāśmir Śaivism
Non-dualism (advaita) holds that ultimate reality is one, without a fundamental distinction between the divine and the individual self.
Step 2: Analysis of the options.
(A) Kāśmir Śaivism is explicitly non-dualistic, asserting the identity of Śiva (ultimate reality) and the individual consciousness.
(B) Śaiva-siddhānta is dualistic or qualified-dualistic, maintaining a distinction between God and the soul.
(C) Vīra-śaivism emphasizes devotion and ethical practice, not strict non-dual metaphysics.
(D) Vaiṣṇavism generally upholds a dualistic or qualified-dualistic view.
Step 3: Conclusion.
Among the given options, Kāśmir Śaivism alone is predominantly non-dualistic.
Final Answer: (A) Kāśmir Śaivism
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