Step 1: Understanding the Question.
An ephemeral weed is one that completes its whole life cycle, from germination to seed set, in a very short span, often just a few weeks, and can produce several generations within a single season.
Step 2: Checking Each Option.
Stellaria media, known as common chickweed, is a classic example of an ephemeral weed. It germinates, flowers, and sets seed within about five to six weeks, allowing several generations each year under favourable moist and cool conditions. Phalaris minor is an annual grassy weed of wheat with a normal full season cycle, not an ultra short one. Medicago denticulata is a winter annual legume weed with a typical season long cycle. Phyllanthus niruri is an annual broadleaf weed that also runs a normal season length cycle rather than repeated short cycles.
Step 3: Final Answer.
Stellaria media fits the definition of an ephemeral weed, so option 1 is correct.