Question:
Treatment of cyanide poisoning involves use of
(A) Sodium nitrite
(B) Sodium thiosulfate
(C) BAL
(D) Artificial oxygen respiration
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Treatment of cyanide poisoning involves use of
(A) Sodium nitrite
(B) Sodium thiosulfate
(C) BAL
(D) Artificial oxygen respiration
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
(A) Sodium nitrite
(B) Sodium thiosulfate
(C) BAL
(D) Artificial oxygen respiration
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Show Hint
The standard "cyanide antidote kit" consists of a combination of a methemoglobin former (Sodium Nitrite) and a sulfur donor (Sodium Thiosulfate) administered intravenously.
Updated On: Jul 23, 2026
- (A), (B) and (C) only.
- (B), (C) and (D) only.
- (A), (B), (C) and (D).
- (A), (B) and (D) only.
Show Solution
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The Correct Option is D
Solution and Explanation
Step 1: Understanding the Concept:
Cyanide poisoning in livestock commonly occurs after ingesting plants containing cyanogenic glycosides.
Cyanide binds to the ferric iron ($Fe^{3+}$) of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, blocking cellular respiration and causing histotoxic anoxia.
Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the therapeutic efficacy of the listed treatments:
- (A) Sodium nitrite: This is a methemoglobin-forming agent. It oxidizes hemoglobin ($Fe^{2+}$) to methemoglobin ($Fe^{3+}$). Methemoglobin has a high affinity for cyanide, binding it to form cyanomethemoglobin, which spares cytochrome oxidase. Thus, (A) is a key treatment.
- (B) Sodium thiosulfate: It acts as a sulfur donor for the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanese, which converts toxic cyanide into non-toxic thiocyanate, which is excreted in urine. Thus, (B) is a key treatment.
- (D) Artificial oxygen respiration: Providing supplemental oxygen helps bypass the blocked respiratory chain and meets cellular oxygen demands. Thus, (D) is a supportive treatment.
- (C) BAL (British Anti-Lewisite Dimercaprol): This is a heavy metal chelating agent used to treat arsenic, lead, or mercury poisoning, and is not effective against cyanide.
Therefore, the appropriate treatments are (A), (B), and (D).
Step 2: Final Answer:
The correct combination is (A), (B) and (D) only, which corresponds to Option (D).
Cyanide poisoning in livestock commonly occurs after ingesting plants containing cyanogenic glycosides.
Cyanide binds to the ferric iron ($Fe^{3+}$) of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, blocking cellular respiration and causing histotoxic anoxia.
Detailed Explanation:
Let us analyze the therapeutic efficacy of the listed treatments:
- (A) Sodium nitrite: This is a methemoglobin-forming agent. It oxidizes hemoglobin ($Fe^{2+}$) to methemoglobin ($Fe^{3+}$). Methemoglobin has a high affinity for cyanide, binding it to form cyanomethemoglobin, which spares cytochrome oxidase. Thus, (A) is a key treatment.
- (B) Sodium thiosulfate: It acts as a sulfur donor for the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanese, which converts toxic cyanide into non-toxic thiocyanate, which is excreted in urine. Thus, (B) is a key treatment.
- (D) Artificial oxygen respiration: Providing supplemental oxygen helps bypass the blocked respiratory chain and meets cellular oxygen demands. Thus, (D) is a supportive treatment.
- (C) BAL (British Anti-Lewisite Dimercaprol): This is a heavy metal chelating agent used to treat arsenic, lead, or mercury poisoning, and is not effective against cyanide.
Therefore, the appropriate treatments are (A), (B), and (D).
Step 2: Final Answer:
The correct combination is (A), (B) and (D) only, which corresponds to Option (D).
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